Ledership

What is leadinghip? According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) Leadership is a accomplish of guiding individuals, groups, and entire organization in establishing goals and sustaining action to digest goals. What exactly is meant by drawship? in that respect are literally hundreds of definitions around who a leader is and what is considered as leaders. Each definition may convert from one individual to a nonher and may change from one situation to the other. For example we might forestall an individual a leader beca map of the persons election to the presidency of an institution.Other times we say he/she is non a leader beca engagement he/she does not exhibit leadership carriages pass judgment of the of a leader. In other words, we expected leadership from the legitimate position of the presidency, but when that prexy does not exhibit leadership behaviors, we say that the president is not a leader. According to Yukl, (2002). The definition of leadership is arbitrary and very subjective. Some definitions are to a majusculeer extent useful than others, but t here(predicate) is no correct definition. Leadership theories Theories are most useful for influencing institutionalize when they suggest new ports in which events and situations potentiometer be perceived.Fresh insight may be provided by focusing attention on possible interrelationship that the practice has failed to notice, which dis cream be further explored and well-tried through empirical research. If the result is a better understanding of practice, the guess practice gap is importantly reduced for those concerned. (Hughes and Bush, 1991, p. 234). The trait theory This theory first surfaced in the writings of early Greeks and Romans and is prevalent nowadays among those who believe that leadership cannot be developed.This theory assumed that leaders has innate traits that made them effective, great leaders were considered to be innate(p) with the ability for leadership, so it is either y ou have leadership qualities or you dont . According to Shockley zalabak (2009) theory of leadership, that leaders possessed innate traits that made them effective is commonly referred to as the great man theory Leadership traits theory is the idea that deal are born with certain consultation trait or qualities and since traits are associated with proficient leadership, it assumes that if you could place eople with the correct traits, you will be able to identify leaders and tidy sum with leadership potential. It is considered that we are born naturally with traits as part of our personality this theory in summary believes that leaders are born not made Criticism lookes were done to m hold on traits or personality distinction that best predict the effective leader. List of about eighty traits or characteristic were gotten but trait approach failed to define clearly a stable set of characteristic associated with effective leadership.Even the concept of what is effective rema ins open to question. This theory does not prove a citywide explanation to how leaders interact with followers and meet the needs of specific circumstances. While truly others can be born leaders, it is incorrect to generalize by saying that leadership traits are in born and unchangeable. Its true many of our dispositions and tendencies are influenced by our personalities and the way we are born. However, most people recognise that it is possible for someone to change their character trait for the worse.Someone known for being honest can apprise to be deceitful, the whole idea of saying someone was corrupted is based on the fact that people can learn bad traits. If people can learn character traits and become different from the way they were born naturally traits can be learnt as well. A person who is prone to being beguiling can learn to be honest. A person who avoids risks can learn to take risk. It may not be easy, but it can be done. STYLE APPROACHES Leadership style approac h focuses its attention on the leaders behavior. Leadership style is the combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers (Lussier, 2004) though leadership style is based on leadership skills and leadership traits, leadership behaviors is the important component. This is said to be the third approach to leadership studies, a consistent pattern of behavior is what characterizes a leader. In geological fault the study of leadership to leaders style or behaviors, the style approach expanded the study of leadership to various contexts (North house, 2004).According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) style approach or theories attempt to identify and arrange the general approaches leaders use to achieve goals. These approaches are thought to be based or a leaders precondition about what motivates people to accomplish goals. This theory attempts to identify a range of general approaches leaders use to influence goal achievement. These approaches are theor ized to be based on the leaders assumption about what motivates people to accomplish goals.Particular approaches also reflect complex relationships among the personal characteristics of the leader. Top among the style theories is the autocratic-to-democratic continuum first proposed by Ralph while and Ronald Lippitt (1960). Autocratic style of leader is a leader who makes decisions with minuscular influence from others Shockley- Zalabak (2009). The leader that exhibits this behavior makes the decisions, gives orders to employees, and is constantly supervising his subordinate. This leader tells others what to do and usually enforces sanctions against those who chose not to comply. He views his followers as subjective for goal achievement but usually feels little function for employee needs and relationship Shockley- zalabak (2009). Criticism Research suggests that autocratically led groups produce more in quantity than democratically led groups, but that the role output is better when more democracy is practiced. Generally with autocratic styles the led are not intellectual so they just do as they are told not because they have the interest of the institution at heart or because they enjoy working.Democratic- Shockley-Zalabak (2009) states that this style of leaders is the one that involves followers in decision making. The leader that exhibits this behavior promotes shared decision, team work, and does not supervise his subordinates closely. He assumes followers are able to figure in decision making, they try to create a climate in which problem solving can take place while preserving social relationships. It is clear that these leadership styles are opposites end of a continuum.As such, its easy to think that a leaders leadership style s follows between those ends. Criticism When a leader is democratic at times his other colleagues in leadership positions can look at him as a weakling and also the subordinates might take avail and wants to be disrespe ctful. Laissez-faire style- Here the leader behaves as non-leader. Individuals and groups are expected to make their own decisions because of a hand-off approach from the leader. The laissez-faire leader is an example of non-leader. This leader expects groups and individuals to make their own decision.He gives information only when necessitate by group members. Criticism The success of the group depends greatly on the abilities of the group and groups members willingness to work with little or no leadership. If the groups members consist of people that need a push to do things they wont be able to achieve much. Impoverished management- According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) this style is characterized by low concern for interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment. This leader makes few attempts to influence people towards task or goals.He dislikes leadership responsibilities and lets others take the responsibility that rightfully be recollectives to the leader. This leader i s usually uncomfortable with leadership and intellectually resists the need for it. Criticism These leaders may be primarily responsible for the failure of the group. Middle- of- the- road management- This is a style of leader who balances task and peoples concerns commonly referred to as compromised leadership or management. The leader negotiates and compromises to achieve workable agreements and directions for action Country club management-This is a style of leaders who emphasizes interpersonal relationship at the expense of goal achievement the leader here wants to be liked and have group followers who feel supported by the leader. He provides an interpersonal relationship bond that is low on task emphasis and high in interpersonal support Criticism He may want a task accomplished but will not take steps to emphasize this element to others, if members are not highly task oriented he ends up doing their work. Rather than insisting that the employees exhibit high standards of perf ormance. These leaders may not develop the abilities of the people under them.Team leadership This is the theoretical ideal team leaders exhibit high concern for some(prenominal) task and interpersonal relationships by emphasizing goal accomplishment while supporting people, it fosters a sensory faculty of we with high performance standards. This leadership share decision making and strives for problem solving designed to solve rather than postpone problem, it respects different point of view and value diversity as long as it contributes to the group effort. Criticism Team members who support one another but do not have enough ability or information to work on problems will not be able to produce a high-quality decision.