Human motivation Essay

Human Motivation Essay Examination 1. Compare and contrast the theories of overweight and obesity. Describe how the components of Human Motivation relate to the obstacles dieters face today. Analyze why these obstacles exist and, also, motivations role in dieting. (note to student: feel free to use bulleted lists to make a point of comparison/contrast but then provide, in paragraph form, a narrative explanation. ) From the study conducted by the World Health Organization, they have set a standard on the classification of obesity and overweight. According to them, a person is considered overweight if her/his Body Mass Index is in the range 25 to 29. 9, while BMI value above the range is considered obese. There are many theories formulated regarding obesity. These are the Set Point Theory, Enzyme and Hormone Theory, Fat Cell Theory, Theory of Thermogenesis, Thermic Effect of Food, and External Cue Theory. In addition to these, other eating disorders were considered as one of the causes of obesity. Set Point Theory varies among individual since it is the range of weight where one’s body is set to have and will maintain it if the person allows it to. While the Enzyme and Hormone Theory also varies among individual depending on his/her body program, meaning how much or how less his/her body produces hormones and enzymes that are necessary for digestion and gaining weight. However, this theory shows in some studies that some hormonal problems regarding obesity are inherited and can be passed on to their offspring. The Theory of Thermogenesis on the other hand states that obesity may be acquired if the energy intake is exceeds energy used by the body. The energies unused are stored as fat in various parts of the body. Next is Thermic Effect of Food is the term used to express the energies consumed during the digestion and other processes that requires the burning of energy during digestion. Protein requires the highest energy to be consumed, next is carbohydrates then fat. Finally, External Cue Theory simply states the availability of food and the easiness of its access. In contrast, the theories on overweight are not specifically termed like that with obesity since, it is not yet considered a health problem compared to obesity, it is just a horrible warning that a person may reach obesity if being overweight is not controlled. Overweight is having excess fats and looking bigger and rounder than other people their age and at times may affect their physical activities like running and jumping. Though some of obesity’s theory can also be applied to this. Like for example, the availability of food, the energy intake is more than the energy used, and other eating disorders. Human Motivation is a perspective that can influence a man’s performance, however to achieve such goals, a person should have knowledge on how to achieve it and the opportunity and time to achieve such goals. Usually, overweight and obese people who want to achieve a normal weight faces obstacles in the knowledge and opportunity aspects. Also, some obese people are hindered by the disabilities accompanied by obesity, like being not able to walk or stand. However, to those who can still perform well to achieve normal weight, one can have a strict diet plan, exercise regularly, get into sports or other activities pertaining to weight loss. 2. Explain how arousal affects a humans motivation to either perform or procrastinate. Be sure to explain the physiological aspects of arousal. Create the following real-life scenarios to illustrate your understanding. Arousal is the activating of the brain and the body systems in order to be able to perform. It has two arousal systems – cortical (brain system) and autonomic nervous system (body). Arousal affects human motivation to perform or procrastinate since excessive arousal can dim intelligence and may cause a low performance level of a person on a difficult situation, while moderate arousal can cause a better performance. A real-life example for this is, a woman witnessing a car accident, with victims severely injured. If the woman, panics, activating her cortical and autonomic nervous system on its highest level, then she might be responding in a less intelligent way, than to control her emotion, try to relax to diminish the activating her arousal systems so she can think smartly, make right choices and respond wisely to the incident. a) Create a real-life scenario for a teenage male depicting the role of arousal in performance and include the application of one theory of Human Motivation. For example, using the Hierarchy of Needs Theory, a teenage male survives a plane crash and got stuck in a forest. If the male does not control his arousal it may cause panic and it will dim his intelligence on how to act wisely on the situation, and the opposite happens when his arousal in low.

Italian Culture Healthcare and Education Essay

Italy is recognized around the world due to its decent cultural approach towards education, business, healthcare and society. Italian’s culture diligently maintains high standards of healthcare system as well as education systems which provide the best and affordable healthcare services and free educational opportunities to the people. Italian Culture towards Healthcare Italian culture towards healthcare is highly recognized due to the provision of high standards healthcare services and medical assistance at very low cost. Italian doctors are very devoted and expert in their profession and the healthcare treatment services are maintained at higher levels. It is wise thinking of Italians who prefer to cover their hospitalization and surgery cost through private health insurance providers which, of course, avoid inconvenience faced due to long waiting lists (â€Å"Healthcare in Italy†, Allianz). The official name of Italy’s Health System is ‘Servizio Sanitario Nazioanale’ which provides low cost healthcare services to the entire European citizens. The healthcare services include ‘in-patient’ treatments such as medications, tests, family doctor visits, surgeries during hospitalization and medical assistance provided by various medical specialists. Other healthcare services are too offered which include dental treatments, out-patient treatments and provision of medicines and drugs. The Italian culture mandates the health insurance for every foreigner which must cover the entire healthcare treatment from the arrival moment till the departure moment, failing which ‘permit to stay’ (permesso di soggiorno) is not granted (â€Å"Healthcare in Italy†, Allianz). Italian Culture towards Education Education in Italy is perceived to be an essential necessity of life. Italian’s culture has regulated education as a compulsory requirement for 6-16 years of children and free education is too granted to facilitate people. There are five grades in Italian’s educational system namely ‘Kindergarten / Playgroup (Scuola Maternal), Elementary School (Scuola Elementare), Middle School (Scuola Media), High School (Liceo) and University (Universita) (â€Å"Italy Education System†, Italiamia). The educational system in Italy consists of public and private standards. Both the standards are developed more progressively than UK and Germany educational systems. Various universities for postgraduate education have been established in Italy namely ‘University of Bologna’ which is the oldest university in Western and ‘La Sapienza University’ which is the biggest university in Italy (â€Å"Italy Education†, Maps of World). Italy’s educational system was constituted by ‘Legge Casati (Casati Act) in 1859. The vision of this act was to diminish illiteracy among children and enhance their learning needs. The single town regulates the primary education system, the province regulates the secondary education system and the state regulates the universities education system. The educational system was further streamlined by ‘Legge Gentile Act’ in 1923. The compulsory age of children for education was increased up to 14 years and option for promotion towards ‘Middle School’ was granted upon completion of five years primary education which could further be continued up to ‘High School’ (â€Å"Italy Education System†, Italiamia). Conclusion  Inadvertently, Italian culture towards healthcare and education is very appreciating and is a symbol of developed country of the world. Since, Italian culture has maintained the higher standards in healthcare and education systems; therefore, it is right to claim the Italy as one of the best country of the world which cares about the life of its people with love. In short, Italy’s healthcare and education culture should be adopted by every developing country in order to maintain good health and develop learning needs among people which will of course, benefit the same in the prosperity of a country.

Portfolio Analysis and Investment Management Essay

Portfolio Analysis and Investment Management - Essay Example First we must as an individual investor consider the timeframe of the investment, the level of acceptable risk that an individual is willing to undertake and how this will translate to building their ideal investment portfolio. One must become familiar with the intricacies of each financial instrument in order to determine the best way to implement this type of investment in a well diversified portfolio and their individual risk profile. Afterwards we can estimate what the overall effect of this financial instrument will be in the overall risk level of the whole portfolio and how it can suit a particular kind of potential investor. Financial instruments are divided in different classes depending on their financial characteristics, risk levels, and maturity. For financial investments an individual can choose to invest directly in a variety of financial instruments or indirectly through the use of investment companies such as a mutual fund. Direct Investment alternatives available to b uild a well diversified investment portfolio are: Non Marketable Securities- Non marketable securities consist of Savings Deposits, Certificates of Deposit, Money Market Deposit accounts and U.S. Savings Bonds. Saving Accounts and Certificates of Deposit are two of the most popular and widely used financial instruments. They are issued by commercial banks, thrift and credit unions (Madura, 1992). These types of deposits pay a fixed interest rate and in the case of Certificates of Deposit they pay higher interest rates with longer maturity periods and are only redeemable after maturity is due. Although they don’t earn high returns, they are very popular due to their low risk and being virtually risk free up to $100,000 since they are insured by the FDIC. Money Market Deposit accounts are issued by financial institutions and are also insured by the FDIC up to $100,000.These type of accounts pay the typical Money Market interest rate with a minimum deposit to open required. Mone y Market Securities These types of financial instruments include short-term, highly liquid and relatively low-risk investments that are sold by governments, financial institutions and by corporations with idle funds looking to invest. These types of transactions are typically of $100,000 and are bought by money market mutual funds, but are sometimes traded in the open market. Their maturity period ranges from one day to typically no more than 90 days. Most of the securities in the money market are used by financial institutions and banks and large commercial customers. The Treasury bill is considered one of the safest investments by the international investor community. It is one of the most important financial securities and considered the benchmark. It has been traditionally considered a risk-free financial asset since there is no practical risk of the U.S. government defaulting on its debt. Risk averse European investors often seek the security associated with investing in Treasu ry

TERM PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TERM PAPER - Essay Example healthcare system. The emergence of new diseases and continuous growth of the population have triggered the need to modernize disease prevention and public health systems. In the past, the clamor for a National Health Insurance was the outcry of many administrations – in the U.S. and many countries in Europe. Recently however, the Obama administration has pushed for the full implementation of its once a campaign platform but now has become a law, the Affordable Care Act or what is popularly known as the ObamaCare. The aim of this law is to implement within the next ten years an Information System for the healthcare sector and to invest $10 billion annually for the many programs about health insurance and address the problems and challenges of healthcare. Modernizing disease prevention and public health systems is a question of policies and political will. If there is political will, all things are possible under the sun. But what should be modernized? The Medicare and the Medi caid are two healthcare programs that insure U.S. citizens but the system is already rotten and needs to be reprogrammed to address healthcare problems of the people. Medicare was designed to provide healthcare insurance to seniors and the disabled. It was run by the government to focus on reimbursing healthcare expenses and financed by federal taxes but also shared by payroll tax from employers and their workers, to include individual enrollees. Medicare covers hospitalization expenses, physician fees, and expenses for drugs. Medicare Gaps The Medicare program has many gaps which need review and so-called modernization. For example, insurance lacks nursing services, inadequate preventive care insurance, and no insurance for dental, loss of hearing, or vision. Since there is lack of insurance, some enrollees resort to supplemental insurance and so more expenses for the citizens. This gap needs to be reviewed and covered by the ObamaCare, or the Affordable Care Act launched by the pr esent administration. The Medicaid is a government insurance program for the poor and the disabled. It is also the program for poor pregnant women, children, seniors, disabled, and poor parents. Although it’s a federal program, states are given the leeway to improve the coverage and eligibility options. (Chua, 2006, p. 2) Incentives for Prevention of Chronic Diseases Stakeholders in disease prevention should be provided with government incentives. Again this is a question of policies. Policy makers should be able to determine the areas where care is most needed, know the various stakeholders and identify their motivational factors where they could be effective in disease prevention, and develop systems in accessing the incentives. (Singh as cited in Committee on Living Well with Chronic Disease: Public Action to Reduce Disability and Improve Functioning and Quality of Life, Institute of Medicine, 2011, p. 240) Modernizing Disease Prevention and Public Health Systems Problems in healthcare require new ways of detection and prevention of illness. Aids and other virus-triggered diseases are considered new diseases that require new techniques and methods. A. Clinical and Community Preventive Services When there is improved collaboration among health professionals and the community, there is increased reduction in health disparities, deaths and morbidity. Public and private sectors should focus more on the 65-years-and-older sector as this is growing. This is composed of Baby Boomers who

Service Organisation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Organisation - Case Study Example Accessibility is a key issue and an importance operations management issue for hotels and this essay will use Holiday Inn Nottingham as a case study to analyse the operational functions of a service organisation. The operational functions of an organisation are those that enable it to undertake its role (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). In the case of a service organisation, the operational functions would be those that implement the organisation's core service. In the case of Holiday Inn Nottingham, its operational functions will involve those functions that enable customers to book their services, and the people involved in making sure this is carried out appropriately. The operational functions of an organisation are also determined by the three roles as implementers of business strategy, supporters to the business strategy and as the drivers of business strategy (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). This has several meanings for Holiday Inn Nottingham, because as an implementer of business strategy it will have to ensure that it puts the general Holiday Inn strategy into place. This would include attracting customers to the hotel by managing and promoting the Holiday Inn brand in Nottingha m, through marketing and advertising the organisation. As a support of business strategy, Holiday Inn Nottingham has to develop resources to provide the capabilities which are needed to allow the hotel to achieve its strategic goals (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). Holiday Inn Nottingham has completed a major refurbishment of its hotel, and part of these refurbishments include modernising accommodation and business facilities, so that the hotel can fulfil its role in implementing the Holiday Inn business strategy. In terms of driving the business strategy, Holiday Inn Nottingham has to ensure that it retains its competitive edge (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998) over other hotels in the city and the recent refurbishment demonstrates how Holiday Inn Nottingham is committed to driving business strategy. The modernisation of the rooms ensures that its customers and potential customers are accommodated in rooms that meet global standards in terms of quality and comfort. For its busine ss customers, Holiday Inn Nottingham also offers free on-site car parking, which immediately puts it at a competitive advantage as a business venue as it represents the best value for its cost. The operational functions of Holiday Inn are also better demonstrated by looking its performance objectives which include the quality advantage, the speed advantage, the dependability advantage, the flexibility advantage and the cost advantage (Harris 1989). In order to understand these advantages and the operational functions of Holiday Inn Nottingham better, a detailed examination will now follow of the organisation. Service Package The service package is the bundle of goods and services that is provided by Holiday Inn Nottingham (Lecture Notes). The most visible part of the service package is the hotel's supporting facility which consists of its guest rooms, facilities for guests and business facilities. The hotel offers three different types of guest rooms to cater for the different guest types; from single and double rooms to executive rooms and suites. Guests will also have access to a health fitness centre and internet connections in their rooms. Business customers also have a variety of room

Political ideologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political ideologies - Research Paper Example This essay explores the political ideologies. The word Conservatism has been used both in an ordinary way and also in technical usage. Ordinary idea is focused on conserving something or keeping something intact. While the technical use is a bit complicated. The followers of Conservatism belief that its human nature to be conservative at times, we all want to stick to our own old culture and traditions and don’t prefer a change usually. Conservative ideas, as proposed by its allies are prevalent everywhere in our life and not just politics. Liberalism is the most complicated and obscure of all ideologies. Liberalism is associated with many kinds of moral values. These values include liberty, progress, individualism, and tolerance which have been linked with liberalism since the pre-historic era. Liberalism has been linked to philosophical thoughts because of its generosity of spirit, openness, and tolerance. Political users of liberalism view it as a source of freedom of media and worldly constitution. This term was first used in Spain and then it was spread all across Europe. Socialism is derived from a Latin ‘sociare’ whose literal meaning is to share or combine. It further succeeded to fellowship or companionship. It is a consensual contract between freemen. Socialism believes in a society in which there are liberated contracting individuals and rule of law state. The idea of socialism is based upon populus (sovereignty of people). It beliefs that people have the right to decide the best for themselves and collectively they can form a well established social society. (Vincent, A. (2009) Marxism Marxism and Communism are both a mixture of theory and practice. Marxism is the theoretical approach, and Communism deals with practicing Marxism. Karl Marx was the founder of Marxism. The believers of Marxism have always linked it with sacred thoughts and sacred beliefs and with Bible. Marx formulates a sphere of life in which human beings should be aware of their activities. They should have a control over their life activities, what they do and how they do it. Human beings are so preoccupied with pity activities of their life such as endless rules and regulations and oppressive and deceitful economy that they forget the divinely attributes of life. Marxism refurbishes those concepts. (Eatwell, R., & Wright, A. (1993). Fascism The term Fascism is derived from the Latin word ‘fasces’ which means bundles of rods which are bonded together to show the unity and parity of a nation. This political concept deals with unity and how strength is derived from being united. It is taken from the Roman Empire as it used to be the custom of Roman consuls to take decisions based on harmony. Fascism has suffered bad reputation in Europe during the past decades and is not as popular as other political ideologies. (Vincent, A. (2009) Totalitarianism Totalitarian concept urges that societies and nations can be controlled via the u se of terror. They can be terrorized to follow the rules and regulations of the state. The Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Soviet Union and also the Taliban Afghanistan in recent times have used this concept to rule their countries. It is based upon dictatorship, tyranny, using political power arbitrarily, allowing the minimal

Consumer tastes and habits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer tastes and habits - Essay Example It is important to point out that most of Pierre Bourdieu’s focus was on things that have aesthetic component and the manner in which consumption patterns on such things reflected the class and social class that people want or do not want to associate with (Miles 1998). The concept of social class and status Different fashions adorned by different people are attributed to the certain degree of social class and status that people want to identify with. Upon recognition of this phenomenon, marketing experts wrote numerous articles on the subjects particularly, in the 1950s. Consumer behaviour experts have since recognised the need to pay attention to social classes and status and this is in agreement with numerous research works that have been done on consumer behaviour; there is general agreement that consumer behaviour of different people conforms to their social class. To some extent, consumer behaviour overrides the income levels. This, through research, is demonstrated by t he facts that as people grow older, their income levels increase but in most case, they do not change their social class. There is a tendency for people to maintain their social classes they grow older; they remain within the class and this is a clear demonstration that social classes’ overruns income levels with regard to tastes and preferences. In this regard, social class and status are strongly affected by the values and the lifestyles that people have as opposed to the amount of money or income they get periodically.

Institutional racism in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Institutional racism in america - Essay Example The US property appraisal system, formulated in 1930, allows whites to achieve property value ratings and government loans whereas the blacks struggled to enjoy such facilities. Majority share of the governmental subsidies went to the whites rather than the blacks even though blacks were comparatively poorer than the whites. Underrepresentation of blacks in critical positions has also been charged as institutional racism. Mass media such as TV and movies always like to employ whites at the top position. All these inequalities happened in America because of institutional racism. This paper briefly analyses the characteristics of institutional racism in America. â€Å"According to Census data, whites with high school diplomas, college degrees or Master's Degrees all earn approximately 20% more than their black counterparts. Moreover, whites with professional degrees earn 31% more than blacks and 52% more than Latinos†(Institutional racism, 2009). Even though, both whites and bla cks have similar educational qualification and expertise, the earning levels of whites and blacks in public institutions were unequal because of the institutional racism. Whites are getting special considerations in both public and private institutions. The employers give preference to the white professionals while they conduct a recruitment process.

Global Market Expansion To China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Market Expansion To China - Essay Example Over the past decades, companies have been expanding globally in order to tap and develop new market opportunities and also to expand the scope of their operations, availing of cheaper resources and other commodities to better optimize their performance.In expanding company operations and outsourcing labor, China has always been the nation that is the center of discussion. Basically, because of the very low labor, manufacturing, and operational expenses in China, it has attracted many other companies to make it the gateway of their expansion into the global trade. Also, China is the fastest growing and largest consumer market in the world, yet it is interesting to note that many overseas retailers have struggled and failed in that market. With the premise that our company has maximized our marketing capabilities within the geographical bounds of our nation, we must then realize that the next logical step is to expand the scope of its operations in order to cater and discover more market opportunities. But unlike the operations in the domestic territory, there are many factors that need to be considered and evaluated if the company is to be successful in its expansion. Global marketing has been a trend of the past decades since it utilizes the advantages of other nations in an exchange of trade of commodities which will hopefully promote healthy competition and stimulate economic development of the parties involved. But in order to take advantage and come up on top, the complexities of global trade should be analyzed and strategies should be laid out by the company. The strategies to handle the vast supply chain management system and the added value system must be developed and implemented. (Lee, 2012). This r

Gerontology clinician Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gerontology clinician - Essay Example Gerontologists study how older people are treated within a society and how elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased likelihood of the incidence of chronic disease. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of older people today is superior to that of previous generations- a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care throughout their lives. In most industrial societies, the high cost of treating chronic illness has been assumed, at least partially, by national health insurance schemes. The second major problem of the elderly involves income and economic welfare. Because most old people no longer form part of the labour force, some form of income maintenance is necessary. Industrial societies generally employ systems of pensions and social security benefits partly for this purpose. In spite of this fact, however, many elderly people live below, on, or only slightly above the poverty level; these are predominantly women and members of ethnic and other minority groups for whom economic security has always been insecure. (Le Shan, 1986) The third factor is that the vast majorities of elderly men are married and live with their wives in homes of their own. In the west generally, many widowed women are able to maintain an independent one- person household. Thus, fewer than about 20 percent of the elderly live in the household of an adult child, and around only around 5 percent are in institutions such as hospitals or nursing homes. Those who live with an adult child or who are institutionalized are typically very old or have serious health problems. Although both the elderly and their children express a strong preference for independent residence, most old people live within a few hours' travel of one of their children. The fourth factor is that the Social relationships might be difficult to maintain in old age because of health limitations, the death of family members and friends, loss of workmates, and lack of suitable affordable transport. Still, many old people invest as much time and energy as possible in friendships and family, and find companionship at special centers and day clubs for senior citizens. Historically, in the past particularly, old people commanded respect, as; indeed they still do in countries such as China and Japan, and the fate of other family members. In most modern societies, however, young people are independent; they themselves choose whom they will marry, and receive public education.(Rashkis, Harold A, 1981). Elderly people themselves, however, often display high levels of morale, satisfaction with life, and feeling of self-worth, even though recently there have been increasing instances of neglect and ill-treatment of elderly people. The important variables in this are, of course, health and income. The responsibility of modern societies in this respect is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they have the resources to continue to function usefully and happily within the community. (Butler, Robert, 1975). Ageing in biology, combination of changes in an organism that appear to occur inevitably and irreversibly with the passage of time, eventually resulting in death. Among humans they include a decrease in tissue flexibility, loss of some

Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Essay Psychotherapy is a process with which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient deal with his/her psychological difficulties in a more positive way which in turn would lessen the difficulty of psychological problem (Morris Maisto, 2003). Not all people with psychological problems seek psychotherapy but those who do out of their own volition are more likely to be successful in therapy. However, there are psychological disorders that needs more than psychotherapy and often would require hospitalization, of which treatment would be more of helping the patient regain his/her ability to function normally without the need for primary care and hospitalization, although medication and psychotherapy has to be continued as a long-term treatment. Different methods of psychotherapy have been loosely categorized into insight therapies and behavioral therapies. Insight therapies is composed of several methods wit different perspectives on psychological difficulties but share the same rationale that man would be more able to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is more able to understand why he/she feels, thinks and behaves in such ways (Nairne, 2006). This group assumes that a person develops emotional, mental and relationship problems if he/she does not know and understand what motivate him/her in situations that are anxiety producing, conflicting and threatening. Specific approaches that belong to this group include psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, person-centered and existential therapy. One may also argue that insight therapy is geared towards man’s need to be aware of his/her inner self, hence the so called insight to human motivation, emotion, desires, needs and thoughts. On the other hand, the behavioral therapies are made up of cognitive behavioral therapies, rational-emotive behavior therapy, and behavior therapy with the application of conditioning and modeling, and biofeedback. This other group at the opposite continuum from insight therapy says that a person can be able to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is given the means with which to modify his/her behavior. Thus, therapy would be focused on teaching patients specific behaviors that would enable them to cope and deal with their psychological problems, this type of therapy are more concerned with treating symptoms than finding out the underlying cause of the problem. The difference between insight and behavioral therapy is that insight therapy is concerned with identifying and understanding the underlying cause of their problems while behavioral therapy contend that causes are not important but rather therapy should be concentrated on modifying behavior (Nairne, 2006). Like the nature and nurture debate, it has now been agreed that not one perspective can be accounted for the success of the therapy sessions, but rather some cases require that the underlying cause be unearthed while other cases can be resolved without the need for determining the cause of the problems. It can be assumed that the need for discovering the causes of the psychological problem lies in its usefulness to the therapeutic process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The therapeutic process of whatever tradition or perspective always require that the therapist and client share a relationship characterized by trust, openness, honesty and the absence of bias and criticisms (Myers, 2004). It can be argued that within this form of relationship, the client is bound to share with his/her therapist his/her life story and inner most thoughts which would also lead to the therapists better understanding of the client’s predicaments and   issues. The need to find out the cause of problematic behavior depends on the clients honesty and the therapists personal philosophy, if for example a person who is suffering from clinical depression is in therapy using the psychoanalytic approach, then the objective would be to find out the previous experiences that would indicate the patients predisposition to depression and hence be able to identify the cause of the depression. To the psychoanalyst, it is always something in the past or in the childhood or traumatic events that cause the depression, a recent event may only be the trigger (Myers, 2004). To the behaviorist, therapy would be geared towards the change in behavior that would lessen the impact of depressive emotions and thoughts, like the patient is taught ways in which he/she could take off from depressing situations, to move away from the place or source of depression and to teach methods to eliminate the depression through coaching and goal setting (Myers, 2004). However, behaviorists have also discovered that merely changing the behavior is not enough to treat the patient or to effectively prevent the recurrence of depressive symptoms just because the patient knows how to express his/her emotions, thus the need for finding the cause of the depression. If the cause of depression is a recent divorce, then the therapist can use this information to guide the behavior modification strategies that he/she uses. Like specifically providing the patient with statistics and studies of how depression after a divorce is very common and how other people have come out of that depression. To the psychoanalyst, depression brought about by the divorce could come from a deeper personal traumatic experience like being left by a parent or having to lose someone tragically. Thus, the cause is actually the difficulty of the patient to respond to the sense of loss that one feels after a divorce. If the objective of the therapy was to remove the patient from a state of depression, then behavior therapy has no need for the underlying cause, but if the therapy is to enable the patient to recognize his/her emotional wounds and to be aware means that one is more able to positively deal with it, then the cause of the depression is very important. References Morris, C. Maisto, A. (2003). Understanding Psychology, 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Myers, D. (2004).   Psychology 7th ed.    New York: Worth Publishers. Nairne, J. (2006). Psychology: The Adaptive Mind. California: Wadsworth/Thompson. Discussion Topic 2: Client-centered therapy developed in the late 1940’s by Carl Rogers is based on the assumption that the individual is the best expert on himself or herself and that people are capable of working out solutions to their own problems (Corey, 2005). The task of the therapist is to facilitate this progress not to ask probing questions, to make interpretations or to suggest courses of actions. In fact, Rogers (1980) preferred the term facilitator to therapist and he called the people he worked with as clients not as patients because he did not view emotional difficulties as an indication of an illness to be cured. The therapist facilitates the client’s progress towards self-insight by restating to the client what the therapist hears the client saying about his needs and emotions in order to help the client clarify his/her feelings. Rogers believed that the most important qualities for a therapist are empathy, warmth and genuineness. Empathy refers to the ability to understand the feelings the client is trying to express and the ability to communicate this understanding to the client. The therapist must adopt the client’s frame of reference and must strive to see the problems as the client sees them. By warmth, Rogers (1980) meant a deep acceptance of the individual as he or she is, including the conviction that this person has the capacity to deal constructively with his/her problems. A therapist who is genuine is open and honest and does not play a role or operate behind a professional faà §ade (Sue Sue, 2003). People are reluctant to reveal themselves to those they perceive as phony. Rogers believed that a therapist who possesses this attributes will facilitate the client’s growth and self-exploration. Rogers was the first to make tape recordings of therapy sessions and to permit them to be studied and analyzed. He and his colleagues have contributed much to the field of psychotherapy research. Client centered therapy has some limitations, like psychoanalysis it appears to be successful with individuals who are fairly verbal and who are motivated to discuss their problems. For people who do not voluntarily seek help or who are seriously disturbed and are unable to discuss their feelings more directive methods are usually necessary. In addition, by using the client’s self-reports as the only measure pf psychotherapeutic effectiveness, the client-centered therapist ignores behavior outside of the therapy session. Individuals who feel insecure and ineffective in their interpersonal relationships often need more structured help in modifying their behavior. Since Freud’s time, numerous forms of psychotherapy based on Freudian concepts have developed. They share in common the premise that mental disorders stem from unconscious conflicts and fears but they differ from classical psychoanalysis in a number of ways and are usually called psychoanalytic therapies (Corey, 2005). Ego analysts placed greater emphasis on the role of the rational, problem soling ego in directing behavior and correspondingly less emphasis on the role of the unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. They sought to strengthen the functions of the ego in particular self-esteem and feelings of competency so that the individual could deal more constructively with current anxieties and interpersonal relationships. Their general strategy was to give the client insight into how the past continues to influence the present and to develop the client’s awareness of what he/she can do in the present to correct the harmful effects of the past. The technique of psychoanalytic therapy is also different from the classical free association and dream analysis. The therapy sessions are usually briefer, more flexible and less intense (Sue Sue, 2003). Sessions are scheduled once a week, there is less emphasis on the complete reconstruction of childhood experiences and more attention to problems arising from the way the individual is currently interacting with others. Free association is often replaced with a direct discussion of critical issues and the psychoanalytic therapist may be more direct, raising pertinent topics when it seems appropriate rather than waiting for the client to bring them up. While transference is still considered an important part of the therapeutic process, the therapist may limit the intensity of the transference feelings. Still central however is the psychoanalytic therapist’s conviction that unconscious motives and fears are at the core of the most emotional problems and that insight and the working through process are essential to a cure. Almost everyone gets depressed at times. Most of us have periods when we feel sad, lethargic and not interested in any activities-even pleasurable ones. Depression is a normal response to many of life’s stresses. Among the situations that most often precipitate depression are failure at school, or at work, the loss of a loved one and the realization that illness or aging is depleting one’s resources. Depression is considered abnormal only when it is out of proportion to the event and continues past the point at which most people begin to recover. Although depression is characterized as a mood disorder, there are actually four sets of symptoms; there are emotional cognitive, motivational and physical symptoms (Myers, 2004). An individual need not have all of these symptoms to be diagnosed as depressed but the more symptoms the patient has or the more intense they are the more certain we can be that the individual is suffering from depression. Sadness and dejection are the most salient emotional symptoms in depression. The individual feels hopeless and unhappy, often has crying spells and may contemplate suicide. The cognitive symptoms consist primarily of negative thoughts; depressed individuals tend to have low self-esteem, feel inadequate and blame themselves for their failures. Motivation is at low ebb in depression, the depressed person tends to be passive and has difficulty initiating activities. The physical symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue and loss of energy. The client-centered therapist in the treatment of depression would be limited to communicating to the client that he/she is accepted for whatever thoughts, emotions, lack of motivation and physical state he/she is at the moment as a person worthy to be heard and assured of unconditional positive regard. The client-centered therapist involves the client in a sharing of his/her thoughts without the prodding and the leading but through the use of paraphrasing. With this method, the client is able to recognize what are the emotional, mental, motivational and physical symptoms he/she is experiencing. This would enable the client to become aware and recognize that his/her emotional reactions may be too intense, his/her self-esteem may be too low for his/her good, and that his/her body may be suffering from his/her own slavery to depression. The sessions would be geared towards the client’s discovery of his/her symptoms and in the process also realize how futile his/her actions are and that the therapist’s empathy, warmth and genuiness tells the client that here is someone who will accept me for what I am and that he/she should strive to come out of depression because someone do sincerely care for them. This example is what Roger’s believed to be the facilitation of healing and self-awareness in the part of the client. The psychoanalytic therapist interprets depression as a reaction to loss, whatever the nature of the loss maybe. The depressed person reacts to the loss intensely because it brings back all the fears of an earlier loss at childhood. Moreover, the reaction to loss is complicated by the person’s anger at the deserting person which comes out as self-blame and feelings of worthlessness. The psychoanalytic therapist also believes that the depressed person has very low self-esteem and self-worth. Thus, the therapist engages the client in a discussion of his/her current emotions, thoughts and internal conflicts. This can be done through the use of probing and leading questions which ask the client to describe or talk about his/her feelings at the moment. From then on, the therapist would observe and take note of the emotions and thoughts of the patient and have the client look back at his/her past experiences that had evoked the same feeling and thoughts he/she is having at present. The client is also asked to identify what triggered that emotion and then have the client realize that he/she is exhibiting behaviors that are similar to that of a depressed person. Sometimes people who are depressed do not admit that they are depressed, and this is where the therapist must focus on for it is necessary for the success of the therapy. When the previous experience has been identified, the therapist then proceeds to help the client accept what occurred in the past and that the client can now face the present with a deeper understanding of his/her own emotions. References Corey, G. (2005).   Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy 7th   ed.   California: Thomson Learning (Brooks/Cole). Myers, D. (2004).   Psychology 7th ed.    New York: Worth Publishers. Rogers, C. (1980). A Way of Being.   Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Sue, D. W. Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice 4th ed. New York: Wiley.

Texas Retirement System (TRS) Essay Example for Free

Texas Retirement System (TRS) Essay You have been recruited to consult for the Texas Retirement System (TRS). TRS is looking at alternative investment opportunities. They see John Bogle’s (founder of Vanguard) mantra of simply investing in index funds as particularly compelling. Yet, Miller’s historical record at Value Trust has been outstanding, and several trustees are in favor of investing with him. Your task to provide a recommendation to the trustees as to whether or not they should invest with Miller and Value Trust. Again, the case questions are here to simply guide your analysis. You are preparing a professional report for the TRS trustees, and it should be structured accordingly. Also, don’t spend a lot of time repeating the facts of the case itself, but certainly use the exhibits to support your assessments. 1. How well has Value Trust performed in recent years? In making that assessment, what benchmark(s) are you using? How do you measure investment performance? What does good performance mean to you? 2. What might explain the fund’s performance? To what extent do you believe an investment strategy, such as Miller’s, explains performance? 3. How easy will it be to sustain Miller’s historical performance record into the future? What factors support your conclusion? 4. Consider the mutual fund industry. What roles do portfolio managers play? What are the differences between fundamental and technical securities analysis? How well do mutual funds generally perform relative to the overall market? 5. What is capital-market efficiency? What are its implications for investment performance in general? What are the implications for fund managers, if the market exhibits characteristics of strong, semi-strong, or weak efficiency? 6. As of 2005, would you recommend investing in Miller’s Value Trust? What beliefs about the equity markets does your answer reflect?

How Musical Theatre Has Developed

How Musical Theatre Has Developed To discuss the historical development of musical theatre, this report will present an analysis of Leonard Bernsteins musical West Side Story. It will demonstrate how the 1961 screen version has been adapted for the stage in the 2009 Broadway revival to suit modern day audiences and show its reflection through time with the use of ideas and different styles as well as social and economic influences affecting the works. The conflict between the two rival gangs that is so central to the story could be further interpreted as a conflict between Catholic and Jewish communities, which was Bernsteins intention in the beginning. However, Bernstein seized on the idea that current racial tensions in New York caused by immigrants from Puerto Rico would provide a more powerful story and he undoubtedly saw that this would also offer him the opportunity to use a range of Latin-American dance rhythms, for he later said: it all sprang to life. I heard rhythms and pulses, and most of all I could sort of feel the form. (Bernstein, 2009, p.58) Much about West Side Story in that time was new and revolutionary. Instead of the old fashioned romance, akin to the earlier musicals, this is a story of bleak despair. Extended dance sequences convey the drama, and in a place of rousing finals, both acts end in murder. Although Shakespeares text is not used, his characters are clearly identifiable: They say Shakespeares plays are timeless because they still speak to the human condition today (Fischbach, 2010) Accordingly Arthur Laurent, author of the original book, got a second chance at his creation, and turned the 2009 Broadway West Side Story revival into the musical he always wanted to make. The Daily Telegraph found: There is nothing new about this production of West Side Story aside from the hot young cast and it is a prime example of why new is not always best. (Lalak, 2010) Social constraints of the time prevented certain usage of language, so some dialogue and lyrics were delivered in Spanish. This made a considerable difference without substantially changing the story. Laurent has given the show a more intimate feeling and made the Puerto Rican Sharks and their girls, more complete as characters. They are frustrated as strangers in their own land, and the use of Spanish immediately evokes their separation from the English-speaking Jets and their girls. The fundamental problems havent changed much since the start of West Side Story 50 years ago, as we continue to wrestle with new cultures arriving. More importantly, though, this production sets the story of the two gangs and a brief and star-crossed love affair between Maria and Tony as a young persons game. The casting here has made the lovers, both breathtaking in their roles, enormously youthful, which gives us more gleeful moments. It isnt to be, of course, but from the moment West Side Story begins with the legendary dance prologue through the neighbourhood, faithfully reproduced by Joey McKneely from the original choreography by Jerome Robbins, the show glows with redolent memories and enchants with brilliant new moments. It plays against a remarkably flexible set by James Youmans, used for maximum effectiveness by director David Saint. the fundamental problem with the show is its depiction of gang violence and the mean streets of New York.: as being said in the Mercury News. (Craig, 2010) That was always a signature of West Side Story, even in the 1961 screen version, but still well presented with fantastic dance sequences which were half-danced and half-mimed. This new form of dance became a visual symbol of a mode of thought. What the characters were feeling and thinking was expressed by their movement and their identities became inseparable from it. However, when the movie was released in 1961 it wasnt the dance which made a big impression, but the social tensions. It showed a fight for urban space, a space that has already been impregnated with cultural symbols and political significations for the relations, interactions, and social actions according to the American Way of Life. In this sense, the movie projected how the Puerto Rican migration to New York City in the forties and fifties not only took over the order of the Anglo-Americans, but how it also constitutes a threat for the assumed monolithic identity of the Anglo-American subject. New York City was shown as a divided territory, economically, racially, and ethnically. Each social-economic group inhabited a space and even neighbourhood border crossings were avoided. West Side Story is up to date not only because of its lengthy dance numbers, emotionally drenched songs and scores, and a contemporary plot that speaks so much of the place and time where the story took place, but also because we are now in a place and time where social-economic issues continue to prevail in every household and community and where racial discrimination is still rampant. The new Broadway revival speaks not only of this shows unwavering popularity but also of the timeliness of the message it delivers, a message of love, peace and harmonious co-existence regardless of race and social-economic backgrounds. This message clearly transcends five decades of an ever-changing political, economic, social and cultural landscape and is still relevant up to this day. West Side Story shows how dancing, acting, singing and design could blend together in unity. Whether its an old version of the musical or a new one, we might say that: it marked the most impressive body of choreography in a single show, and it was acclaimed as Leonard Bernsteins strongest work for the Broadway stage. (Garebein, 2000, p.9)

Appearence Versus Reality :: essays research papers

In The Gilded Six-Bits, Hurston uses the theme of appearance versus reality to suggest that things aren’t as simple as they appear to be. Hurston writes this story to depict her own life, morals, and her culture. As we take a closer look into Hurston’s life we will come to comprehend the story not only on a literal level but a personal level as well. We will also see the many symbols and themes illustrated in the story of true love, incomprehensible forgiveness, and certain circumstances that would change the life of two people forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurston’s rocky marriage was a major contribution to the story and could possibly symbolize how she wanted her own story to end. Hurston was married and divorced twice. Her first marriage, on May 19, 1927, was to Herbert Sheen, a jazz pianist, singer, and medical student; the two divorced shortly after on July 7, 1931. Zora Neale Hurston wrote The Gilded Six-Bits shortly after this tragic hardship. Another influential factor in the story is Hurston’s life as an African American in the Harlem Renissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a period in which black artists explored their culture and showed pride in their race. This was expressed in literature, music and other art forms. Hurston and her stories about Eatonville became important during the Harlem Renaissance. The setting of The Gilded Six Bits, Eatonville Florida, was also a place of residence for Hurston throughout her life. Zora was born at a time of racial tensions between blacks and whites in the southern United States. She never felt angry about being black. In her stories, she described Eatonville as a place where black Americans could live as they pleased (www.manythings.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many literal themes in the story as well as the earlier mentioned themes. Hurston introduces the theme of appearances and reality in the first lines of the story. On the surface of things, the couple's yard is nothing but a ‘‘Negro yard around a Negro house in a Negro settlement that looked to the payroll of the G and G Fertilizer works for its support.’’ Hurston goes on to welcome readers inside the couple's home, describing their playful battle and teasing affection. What appears on the outside to be modest and meager is, in fact, rich with love and joy in life. That is until something or rather someone breaks that up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The home of the newlywed couple is going great until a stranger comes to town. Appearence Versus Reality :: essays research papers In The Gilded Six-Bits, Hurston uses the theme of appearance versus reality to suggest that things aren’t as simple as they appear to be. Hurston writes this story to depict her own life, morals, and her culture. As we take a closer look into Hurston’s life we will come to comprehend the story not only on a literal level but a personal level as well. We will also see the many symbols and themes illustrated in the story of true love, incomprehensible forgiveness, and certain circumstances that would change the life of two people forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurston’s rocky marriage was a major contribution to the story and could possibly symbolize how she wanted her own story to end. Hurston was married and divorced twice. Her first marriage, on May 19, 1927, was to Herbert Sheen, a jazz pianist, singer, and medical student; the two divorced shortly after on July 7, 1931. Zora Neale Hurston wrote The Gilded Six-Bits shortly after this tragic hardship. Another influential factor in the story is Hurston’s life as an African American in the Harlem Renissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a period in which black artists explored their culture and showed pride in their race. This was expressed in literature, music and other art forms. Hurston and her stories about Eatonville became important during the Harlem Renaissance. The setting of The Gilded Six Bits, Eatonville Florida, was also a place of residence for Hurston throughout her life. Zora was born at a time of racial tensions between blacks and whites in the southern United States. She never felt angry about being black. In her stories, she described Eatonville as a place where black Americans could live as they pleased (www.manythings.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many literal themes in the story as well as the earlier mentioned themes. Hurston introduces the theme of appearances and reality in the first lines of the story. On the surface of things, the couple's yard is nothing but a ‘‘Negro yard around a Negro house in a Negro settlement that looked to the payroll of the G and G Fertilizer works for its support.’’ Hurston goes on to welcome readers inside the couple's home, describing their playful battle and teasing affection. What appears on the outside to be modest and meager is, in fact, rich with love and joy in life. That is until something or rather someone breaks that up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The home of the newlywed couple is going great until a stranger comes to town.

Chaucers Vivid Characters :: essays papers

Chaucers Vivid Characters Essay- Chaucer’s Vivid Characters Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales is so poignant that it almost single-handedly defines a whole epoch in history. It is the people living in the time period who define the era, and it was Chaucer who described the people living in the Middle Ages. Just describing a few people in an offhand way would not have had a profound impact. Chaucer’s writings did have impact because he characterized every social class using very vivid characters. Describing his characters with much vividness is key for that is what defines the way the reader feels about the character and the degree of power of association the reader makes with the character. Hence, the vividness of the character is directly proportional to how pointed his work is which creates the tone. Themes and proportions are tools Chaucer uses to create his tone. The more vivid the character is, the more pointed the message. For example, his writing is very vivid as to how ugly the Summoner is. Thus indicating Chaucer’s e xtreme dislike for what the Summoner represents. Through the use of literary tone, the characters of the Wife of Bath and the Summoner are described very vividly. Through The Wife of Bath, Chaucer gives an example of a freethinking individual. In regards to virginity, the Wife of Bath said, â€Å"advice is not commandment, no; He left the thing to our own judgment so.† This statement was very extraordinary for it’s time as it questioned the sanctimonious state of virginity. Moreover, the Wife of Bath is attributed with reasoning powers, which was probably not a common practice when portraying women in those times. The Wife of Bath gives an example of a character that is an independent thinker very much like Chaucer himself. Chaucer’s tone when describing the Wife of Bath was sensuous. Her face being fair with red hue and her buttocks large as she sat upon an ambler gives vivid impression of a tactile and visual nature. She had a bold face that coincides with her strong character. Not only does the tone conjure up pleasure; it also expresses mental thoughtfulness. It questions the church’s foundation of St. Peter’s ideas about virginity. Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to indirectly express the church’s inconsistency in regards to the natural propagation of the human race and virginity. The Wife of Bath is honest. She feels no shame in ‘dancing the old dance of love’.

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

An eating disorder is an illness that involves an unhealthy feeling about the food we eat. â€Å"Eating disorders affect 5-10 millions Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide† (www.eatingdisorderinfo.org 1). They also affect many people from women, men, children, from all ages and different races. People who have eating disorders usually see themselves as being fat when they really aren’t. This usually deals with women or teenage girls mostly. They watch television, movies, read articles in magazines, and see pictures of the celebrities whom they want to be like because they have the â€Å"ideal body† that everyone wants and craves for. The media makes us all think we need those types of bodies to be happy with ourselves, be more successful in life, and be perfect. Starving yourself or eating less amounts of food doesn’t help you get the â€Å"ideal body† that you desire to have. This shows that you lack self-esteem and only want to see what other people see in life. This may impinge on people who are alone and want to get attention and by doing this they want to be thin. There are many different kinds of eating disorders that people are affected with. For example, there is Anorexia Nervosa, which deals with not eating regularly or eats little amounts of food or not eating at all. There is also Bulimia Nervosa, which is when a person eats a large amount of food and then binges or purges after to get rid of the food they just put into the body. Lastly there is the Binge eating disorder. This disorder is when a person keeps a secret from everyone of their excessive eating. â€Å"Women make up more than 90 percent of people with these eating disorders† (www.4woman.gov 1).â€Å"However, young women are most vulnerable, particularly between the ages 15-25 years† (www.edauk.com 1). Women are more likely to be anorexic, because they always see other women with thin bodies and feel pressured to want to be like them. They may be alone or divorced and may need attention so they look for ways to get that attention from people. â€Å"The women suffer with feelings of self-hate, worthlessness, low self-esteem, and they usually feel that in order to be happy, they must be thin† (www.mirror-mirror.org 1). Women in the business industry feel they don’t get enough attention from people so in order to heighten their career, they put themselves out there to have the perfect body to get people’s att... ... illness. If you do not seek help you can damage your body, cause major health problems, and even death. But if you do seek help, you can increasingly build up your self-esteem that helps cope with the illness. Bibliography #1 - Thompson, Colleen. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #2 - Thompson, Colleen. Children. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #3 - Thompson, Colleen. Women. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #4 - Thompson, Colleen. Binge Eating Disorder. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #5 - Thompson, Colleen. Anorexia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #6 - Thompson, Colleen. Bulimia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #7 - Hendrick, Victoria Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer July 2002 #8 - Spearing, Melissa. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer. August 6, 2002 #9 – Anonymous. EDA. What is an Eating Disorder? Internet Explorer. March 31, 2004 #10 – Anonymous. Eating Disorders Statistics. Internet Explorer. http://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org #11 - Harmon, Dan. Anorexia Nervosa Starving for Attention. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers 1999 #12 - Nardo, Dan. Eating Disorders. San Diego, California: Lucent Books, Inc. 1991

Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development

ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart & Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart & Medlik 1974. Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson & Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson & Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions Is the attraction visitor friendly .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: Is the attraction unique Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles & Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. & k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012}

Competitor Analysis of Dahlie Essay

Main CompetitorsAlthough Darlie has gained a verbotensized mercantileize sh be in the toothpaste merchandise in Malaysia, it hushed faced the ambition from other toothpaste companies in this industry. The two of the of import competitors of Darlie in the market are Sensodyne and Colgate. As the world largest producer and manufacturer of toothpaste, Colgate becomes the greatest competitor of Darlie. Colgate has survived in this industry for such a long conviction and has established its influence among the customers. It has successfully making the customers to bring tush loyalty toward Colgate. Besides that, Colgate has antithetic types of toothpaste, which can satisfy divers(prenominal) ineluctably of the customers. This has fulfilled the needs and wants of the customers and directly competes with Darlie as the product range of Colgate and Darlie are kind of similar. Nowadays, a lot of people are facing different types of odontiasis hassles, such as sensitive tee th, gum ailment and tooth decay. Therefore, they tend to buy the toothpaste which can attend them to solve their teeth problems. Sensodyne is focusing on solving sensitive teeth problem and is recommended by dentist to be used. It has molded the brand image of Sensodyne to become lord and high class toothpaste. Therefore, although Darlie also has their give sensitive teeth toothpaste, people still prefer Sensodyne as the look for the brand image. Therefore, Colgate and Sensodyne become two of the main competitors for Darlie in Malaysia toothpaste market. Comparison of Colgate and Its CompetitorsDarlieColgateSensodyneMarket overlap in MalaysiaIn 2011, Darlies market share is 31%.In 2011, Colgates market share is 60%.In 2011, Sensodynes market share is 5%. soft touch customerTheir target customers are those urban people who are above 18 geezerhood old, and pay attention to their spoken exam health. The target customer is mothers with kids who make toothpaste get decisions fo r the family and people who carefor their oral health. The target customer is the adults from 20 to 60 years old who faced sensitive teeth problem.Promotionvictimization websites, advertisements and TV moneymaking(prenominal) to advertise. Having promotions in supermarket.Using website, advertisement, and TV commercial to advertise. Having some promotions by giving impoverished gifts.Colgate School Program give out free samples to kids and teach kids the way to brushing teeth properly. Bright Smile, Bright prox program promote the importance of oral health through education and prevention. Using websites, various advertisements and TV commercial to tie customers. Promotion through dentist and alveolar clinic.Chill Test in hypermarket. legal injuryThe price range of Colgate is between RM7.95 to RM10.60.The close to expensive toothpaste is Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The cheapest toothpaste is the Colgate lawful tube.The price range of Sensodyne toothpaste is from RM9.90 to RM12.90.ProductHaving different range and types of toothpaste.For instance, fresh breath, whitening, sensitive teeth and enamel protection.Specializing in the preservation and interposition of oral hygiene. Create an array of 40 different patented toothpastes keeping Colgate competitive. Having 13 different classifications and varieties of Colgate toothpaste. Consists of different types of toothpaste, but in the first place focuses on the sensitive teeth issue. gift roughly at all supermarket and mini market.Very convenience to buy it.Almost all super markets and pharmacies carry Colgate Toothpaste. buttocks sometimes be found in more prominent locations when on bargain or launching new products into the market. Distributed indirectly. visible(prenominal) in all hypermarkets, supermarkets and pharmacies, Chinese aesculapian halls and mini markets in Malaysia. Length of time in line of workDarlie started its business since 1933.It has taken 80 years in the toothpaste industry. Colgate-Palmolive started its business in 1806.It has taken 207 years in the toothpaste industry.GSK produced Sensodyne in 1961.It has taken 52 years in the toothpaste market.(Source from Colgate, 2013 and Sensodyne, 2013)

Dutch Disease

(1. What is meant by the term? ) Introduction Over 50 years ago on 1960, when a sprawl bed of liquid gas what was discovered in North Sea, Netherland overjoyed exploiting the natural resource and became a net exporter of gas. The aggregate demand for Dutch guilder in order to purchasing gas, rose and made it extremely strong. It left a lot of currency to a level the manufacturing export was no longer competitive.To begin, low let us examine the indicators of the disease.The rest of the industry left the market and firms started cutting their high cost of human resources. Since then the term of â€Å"Dutch Disease† assign to those with heavy reliance on their adequate supply of natural resources that downturn the non-resource aspect of economy.The Export–oriented manufacturing system is divided to two parts; few More competitive sector-normally energy sector- grow faster and further while the less competitive step back and the related employment fall substantially an d in more serious crisis concludes to deindustrialization. Both mentioned event are correlated with exchange rate development.It might how have set up.

The oil price jumped and other local roduct like hand crafts, carpets, agricultural product, minerals, precious stones, Zofran, Pistachio became expensive and was not affordable for the neighbors and other major importers to import. Such small industries never sustained in the market and some of them wiped out. Iran became the largest importer of rice, wheat, carpets. That took many jobs and money out of economy.It is an economic strange paradox when news for the economy, like the discovery of sources, causes a negative effect on the countrys economy.In both situations, their intake of money from oil exportation is huge. It strengthens the Ruble wired and impact the export revenue as a whole. Besides pouring unmanaged wealth problem, the direct investors intend to invest in mines and oil/gas wells and rigs or take over the related companies (direct investment). Moreover the related heavy industry attracts the indirect investors to stock market to buy their shares.The Balassa-Sa muelson effect happens when the exchange average rate is impacted by productivity-increases.

Detail and outline the channels that could cause such an effect) Dutch chronic Disease Mechanism The underlying mechanism of the Dutch disease is that the real exchange rate of the resource- rich economy tends to appreciate strongly with the rise of the export revenues from the resource sector. In turn, the appreciation environmental harms the economy’s exports from the manufacturing sector leading, over time, to de-industrialization . Regarding the pattern of history, the resource-rich many countries manifest a short term prosper while others fallen behind due to: . Natural Resource scientific discovery and exploitation 2.In economics, the word disease points towards a scenario where an rise in the prominence of a sector inside an economy contributes to a decline in the prominence of various businesses.Resource price artificially inflate the hard currency 2. Run up in commodity price 3. Losing price competition in market 4. Become weak in scale manufacturing sector 5.Th e spike in petroleum industry resulted in the decrease of exports.

Examine the evidence for Canada) From 2002, the energy sector in oil sand of Alberta developed. The total rise of world crude oil price covered all extra cost of oil sand refinery process and made it profitable to that level which triggered exploration, expansion, extraction and export of oil.Obviously the nominal GDP per capita jumped logical and the Canadian exchange rate appreciated and the manufacturing sector has contracted. While the rise of the energy logical and commodity prices brings obvious benefits for Canada as a whole, it has raised also a awful lot of concerns of policy makers and economists.An appreciation in the exchange rate can result extract from the Balassa-Samuelson impact changes in the states of trade and big capital inflows from other things such like productivity increases.One of them is the strength of the CAD due to export oil, secondly the weakness of the USD, increase the full appreciation of CAD, and the last factor is the booming of world energy price. Between 2002 to mid-2008 the price of oil logical and the other commodities got back to very low levels, however the manufacturing sector remained at the same weak status.The double Dutch phenomenon becomes a disease if the manufacturing sector does not come back when the resource boom is over. (4.Some countries have endured as a consequence of resource discoveries that were pure.

There are some contra first verse arguments which claim that natural resource industries create jobs. Strong currency brings significant growth. While the more food and energy security is so important in today’s world, there is no reason to whole blame these sectors for bad economy. Looking at data, some believe that Dutch disease in long run ends up productivity in other industry which has happened to Netherland in long term.Many nations have got into problems.Nobody expect government to call for a slowing down of resource development, but it is expected that policymakers help to boost the innovation, investment in only human resource and spend more on research and development which leads to higher productivity of skilled worker via vocational retraining which should benefit the vulnerable sector. Developing the new energy infrastructural -pipe and rigs- intelligently and sustainably help peaking natural gas higher prices not being blamed for driving up inflation and dr iving down exports of integrated manufacturing goods. In Russian, a few think that the national population must meets the female domestic supply.They claim that they are not that much depends on export revenue.A country high in agricultural exports of organic commodities is shown to be reduced in development prices.

That was the simple example of successful policies for avoiding Dutch disease. Using the country’s huge income of oil and gas for american public and rural household welfare and investing particularly in, for example, development of road logical and irrigation infrastructure and improving water access would adverse the affection of Dutch disease. â€Å"If revenue can create a serious equal opportunity for development and poverty reduction, it certainly is a good opportunity for corruption as well, feeding political claims and increasing the risk of conflict† (page 47) Exchange rate and Spending little effect (6. ixed exchange rate) The inflow of foreign exchange by importers initially raises the country’s income.America has come a long way.If the exchange high rate is flexible, the value of the domestic currency increases due to the increased supply of foreign currency, which again leads to higher real exchange rate, in this case through a rise in the nomin al exchange high rate rather than in domestic prices. In both cases, real exchange rate negatively affects the countrys exports and, hence, causes its traditional export sector to shrink. This entire making process is called the â€Å"spending effect. † †¢Corden, W.The supply of wealth might be uneven.

1982. Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small more Open Economy.The Economic Journal, 92 (368) pp. 825-848.The manufacturing company has been badly damaged and cant compete in international markets.Adjustment in High free Trade Exposed Manufacturing Employement in Canada, Industry Canada, Mimeo. †¢http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/03/ebra.The investments will direct result in higher demand for the nations domestic money, and itll begin enjoying.

Essay on “Rape, Racism, and the Law” Essay

Jennifer Wriggins break ups the entail courseforcet how race, paganity, and socio-economic class enamour a cleaning ladys pic to scotch, the import and touch on of the intrusion, and the solution of family, of community, and of genial institutions. Her obligate, Rape, Racism, and the equity, specific al angiotensin-converting enzymey concenteres on the story of mishandle in the united States mingled with the lash outs of egg snow-coveredned wo hands by drear universepower. As a feminist, she specific on the wholey focuses on 2 real alter consequences of this selective blindness the demurs that drear wo take shapeforce argon ravish and all women atomic number 18 proceeds to distri thoive and disadvantageous internal obsession of all kindlys. primitive this tidy essay, she take in the heavy administrations manipulation of mollycoddle and how racialism plays a major(ip) office staff in refuseing the adjust lands of Afri potty America ns, as well up as, deny the verity of womens familiar subordination by creating a genial meaning of bollocks up which implies that the scarce typeface of k presentlyledge sufficient curse is wrong frustrate and the however begin pattern of banned botch is foul offender/ clean victim.I was exasperate aft(prenominal) information this article. This article passing rag and b otherwise me because of the interconnectedness of ball up and racism. As a charr, it is laborious non to learn het up close to this detail subject. Presently, in that location ar now more a(prenominal) struggles against disgrace. And, in acknowledging the struggles against despoil unrivalled demand in both case receipt the conflict among women and the unalike ship canal that groups other than women be disempowered. In one of the m some(prenominal) examples in this essay, racism and nicety clash when in 1859 the disseminated sclerosis imperative motor lodge lai d-off the indictment of a mannish knuckle down for the botch up of a distaff striver little than 10 age old. This indictment cannot be sustained, all at customary rightfulnessfulness or infra our statutes. It charges no disgust know to all transcription. thrall was mystic to the rough-cut law and hence its provision argon inapplicable in that note is no interpret which embraces all the essay or effective commissioning of a shock by a knuckle down on a female someone slave pass over and slaves cannot be governed by the aforementioned(prenominal) system or laws so distinct atomic number 18 their position, right and duties. This view is demoralizing in a few shipway shocking men atomic number 18 held to lesser standards of barricade with fatal women that atomic number 18 purity men with innocence women second, bloodless men be held to lesser standards of constraint with ghastlyen women that ar dim men with whiten women. However, neithe r white nor glowering men were judge to show up cozy breast get to with glowering women. This is sincerely upsetting,to me, because no man no proceeds what confidence should concur the right to dress rape or cozy obsession of any kind with any woman of any vividness without her consent.This study material is substantial to complaisant practice recitation because it reflects and wondrous and merged approach to intellect rape, racism, and the law. By exploring the interconnectedness of rape and racism, I well-read to analyze the assumptions ingrained in and meet rape, racism, and well-disposed institutions. Finally, it dilates dread of the delineate focus of the disgraceful offender and the white rape victim, and the denial of the rape of black women, which engages at heart the pagan assumption of American golf-club that is crucial to comprehend in the field of amicable work. This reading besides teaches up to be undecided kindly work professio nals able to work respectfully and ably with different community groups, with at the comparable measure to perceive and develop a sensibility and respect for valet rights. through with(predicate) this reading, it is lenient to chitchat how stereotypes of racial and ethnic differences can hurt jar on a persons living in regards to consequences, rewards, and punishments. It has not sound in because examining substantive justice arguably requires that charitable rights to cargoner, well-being, and the commodities essential to life and well-being, be inclined precedence whenever a social ratiocination is made. societal conditions and institutional arrangements should be recognized as reason for defense because they may subvert limits and constraints on the choices accessible to an individual that are as needed and compel as those impose by play or by other gentlemans gentleman being. It is a scary scene that your cutis food color or depend upon coul d work against you in the well-grounded system, but it does happen. For this reason, it is unproblematic to derive wherefore galore(postnominal) women are not insurance coverage these incidents. honorable mention Rape, Racism, and the Law by Jennifer Wriggins