tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70235312229225751572024-03-08T03:07:37.579-08:00Homework assignment helpUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger223125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-73827041755397031202020-09-03T05:26:00.001-07:002020-09-03T05:26:08.875-07:00Adolescent is an important stage of life for establishing healthJuvenile is a significant phase of life for building up wellbeing Presentation Juvenile are not beasts, they are simply individuals attempting to figure out how to make it among the grown-ups on the planet, who are most likely not entirely certain themselves. India is the second most well known nation with complete populace of 1081million involving almost 30% of the all out populace, among which youths (10-18years) structure a populace of 22.5% (WHO, 2001 registration). Pre-adult is a significant phase of life for setting up wellbeing conduct, mentalities and way of life. It is a period portrayed by fast physical development, sexual, mental, sexual and physiological development. Wellbeing conduct is one pointer of strength of more youthful individuals that may serve both as a proportion of wellbeing after some time also an objective for wellbeing strategy and pregnancy and inclined to chance conduct like animosity, exploitation, wretchedness, self-destructive ideation, substance misuse and sexual conduct (Grabber,2004). Analysts have uncovered that a lady sexual advancement begins as ahead of schedule as 13 years, however her body isn't very much evolved to hold up under strains during pregnancy there is moderately high hazard for the young moms between 15-18years old enough (Discovery foundation, 2010) Young people are viewed as sound since mortality in this age bunch is moderately low. Infact, the pre-adult young ladies can do have a scope of medical issues like pallor, expanding pre-marriage sex, prostitution, regenerative tract diseases, school drop out, helpless nourishment, early kid bearing and conceptive complications.etc (WHO, 2006). Today everywhere throughout the world, adolescent pregnancy is, developing as a significant issue, roughly 15 million pregnancies happen each year among young ladies matured 15-19 years. They are progressively basic in the creating nation like India. In spite of the fact that half of young ladies get hitched by 18 years, 19% of complete fruitfulness rate (15-19 years) is juvenile pregnancy, 27% of them have neglected need of contraception, and 4.7% of them were utilizing present day technique for contraception (WHO,2006). High school pregnancy is characterized as getting pregnant underneath 18 years. Youthful young people (12-14 years of age) are bound to have spontaneous sex and are bound to be worried in to sex. Most adolescents don't plan to get pregnant, however many do. Regularly adolescents don't get ideal pre-birth care and they have a higher danger of pregnancy like hypertension and its confusion, untimely birth and low birth weight (Health Orates, 2008). Early marriage and early pregnancy are acknowledged social standards of our general public. The result of high school pregnancy is influenced because of ignorance, poor financial condition, deficient pre-birth care. A large portion of the juvenile young ladies dont have satisfactory information about pubescence, high school pregnancy and other regenerative wellbeing. Negative discernment which they accumulate from different sources frequently adds to STDs and HIV diseases (Chahande, 2002). High pace of mortality and dismalness has consistently been related with pregnancy and labor in pubertal and juvenile young ladies, and furthermore an emotional ascent in the quantity of pregnancy, premature births, and explicitly transmitted illnesses. Along these lines it is progressively perceived that great conceptive wellbeing truly starts in young people. Regenerative wellbeing is impacted by numerous variables, for example, instruction, sustenance, sexual jobs, sexual status, social practices and financial turn of events (K.Park, 2009). A cross sectional observational investigation was directed on predominance of youngster marriage before 18 years old among the youthful grown-up ladies in India. Information from National Family Health Survey-3 were constrained to the example of Indian ladies matured 20 years. The outcomes demonstrated that 44.5% of ladies matured 20 years were hitched before 18 years, 22.6% of ladies were hitched before the age of 16 years and 2.6% ladies of were hitched before the age of 13 years (Raja, Saggurti N, 2008) A cross sectional examination on Reproductive example, perinatal mortality, and sex inclination was directed in country Tamil nadu in India. In this examination 30 town regions were arbitrarily chosen and served by wellbeing sub focuses. The members were 1321 juvenile ladies. The Result demonstrated that 41% of the subjects (535) were primiparous, 7 subjects (0.5%) were stupendous multiparous. The, the neonatal death rate was 35.3/1000, the perinatal death rate was 42.0/1000 and the stillbirth rate was 13.5/1000 births (Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, 2000). Requirement FOR THE STUDY Universally adolescent pregnancy represents 16 million in the age gathering of 15-19years, in which 10% is high school pregnancy, one - third is fetus removal, 14% of them prematurely deliver and 52% will bear youngsters. In creating nations represents 95% of adolescent pregnancies, the most noteworthy teenager birth rates has been recorded in Mississippi, with of 68.4%, Mexico with 64%, Texas with 63%, the least rates are recorded in nations with in upper east 18.7%, Vermont with 20,8% (WHO,2009). In India 42.9% young ladies are in age gathering of 15-17 years and 14% young ladies in age gathering of 17-19 years and 3/10 young ladies get pregnant before 20 years, 1/6 young ladies are destined to youngster moms and 47% of Indian ladies matured 20-24 wedded before legitimate age of 18, and 56% are in provincial zones. The all out ripeness rate was 6.2-6.7 (WHO, 2000). The ongoing examinations uncovered that young people become explicitly dynamic in early adolescence and they face difficulties of beginning of monthly cycle contrasted with urban territories. 40% of youngster young ladies matured 15-19 years had intercourse at any rate once and lean toward the musicality technique for conception prevention. The frequency of adolescent pregnancy was 63% and predominance rate was 28 and 32 for every 1000 in provincial and urban zones of Tamilnadu. In Coimbatore, 15.2% of immature young ladies and 0.7% of youthful young men are getting hitched early (WHO, 2005). A report by spare the youngsters found that, every year thirteen million kids are destined to ladies under age of 20 years in around the world. More than 90 of these births happen to ladies living in creating nations. The higher pace of adolescent pregnancy on the planet with 143/1000 young ladies in age gathering of 15-19 years is in sub-Saharans Africa and the Fertility rate in south Asia extend from 71to 119 birth/1000 ladies matured between 15-19 years (Health and segment review, 2010). A graphic and similar investigation on information, mentality and conduct identified with sex among high school young ladies among nursing and non nursing understudies was directed in Taiwan. An aggregate of 792 understudies were enrolled from one nursing school contrasted with non nursing understudies. The nursing understudies had more information on sex related issues. They additionally found that the nearby a personal connection was, the more liberal sexual exercises would in general be. The member was inclined to acknowledge pre-marriage sex, and thought less about the virginity of future life partners, 60% understudies apparent that having a youngster before marriage was inadmissible, about 23% of members engaged in sexual relations experience, while just 30% young ladies studied to have utilized contraception each time they had sex. 11 understudies detailed being pregnancy, however none decided to take their pregnancy to term. The finding of this investigation demonstrated that nursing instruction may affect the sexual information, mentality and conduct as to taking an interest in more secure sex among young ladies (Tseng YH, 2009). The examiner while leading wellbeing mindfulness program, found that the vast majority of the immature young ladies got hitched at 13 years old years, and they had helpless cleanliness, and low birth weight babies. The young ladies didn't know about adolescence high school pregnancy and different parts of conceptive wellbeing. So the agent wanted to make mindfulness about adolescent pregnancy. This investigation will assist with evaluating the information and disposition of pre-adult young ladies towards chose parts of conceptive wellbeing and forestall the complexities. Articulation OF THE PROBLEM A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Program On Knowledge And Attitude Of Adolescent Girls On Teenage Pregnancy At Thottipalayam, Coimbatore. Goals: To survey the information and mentality of youthful young ladies on high school pregnancy. To control organized showing program on young pregnancy among pre-adult young ladies. To rethink the information and mentality of immature young ladies on adolescent pregnancy. To connect the discoveries with the chose segment factors OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Adequacy: It alludes to the degree to which the organized instructing program on high school pregnancy has accomplished the ideal impact in improving the information and change in disposition of juvenile young ladies. Organized educating program It alludes to methodicallly arranged showing program, intended to give data on high school pregnancy to youthful young ladies. Information It alludes to the data picked up by pre-adult young ladies on high school pregnancy. Mentality It alludes to the communicated conviction and sentiment of pre-adult young ladies on high school pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy It is characterized as teenaged or under matured young lady normally in the age bunch between 13-18 years getting pregnant. Pre-adult young ladies It alludes to both wedded and unmarried pre-adult young ladies in age bunch between 13-18 years. Suspicions Immature young ladies will have absence of information on high school pregnancy. Immature young ladies need training with respect to high school pregnancy. Organized training program on high school pregnancy will assist the young people with improving their insight and will assist them with developing an inspirational demeanor. Information and disposition have solid effect on adjustment of sound conduct. Theory There is a critical contrast between pre test and post test scores on information and disposition of juvenile young ladies on high school pregnancy after organized instructing program. Constraints: The investigation is restricted to Immature young ladies who are eager to take an interest. Immature young ladies who are accessible at the hour of information assortment. Juvenile young ladies who have achieved menarche Juvenile young ladies at the age between Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-67033963138122736592020-08-22T18:18:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:18:35.295-07:00Mike Clouds Thomas Erben Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsMike Clouds Thomas Erben Gallery - Essay Example Mists work has a component reminiscent of the unpolished colorfulness of William Pope.L's fine art But when one perspectives Cloud's specialty shows an extremely cognizant meeting with structure and blemish This work isn't of an insubordinate sort as it is by all accounts an earnest investigation of the unmoving idea of contemplations corresponding to the internal rich existences of people. All through the show the shading hypothesis and shading scales and are grinding away in quiet palettes, plans that conflict and ones that stream. The heaviness of Cloudââ¬â¢s interest shows itself through extremely thick paint spread in laborious of layers inferring the idea of different lines of reasoning set down on canvas paper .Color is shown in painting in this challenge. Another of his artistic creations called ââ¬ËDialogue of Growthââ¬â¢ it would seem that a final resting place and stands on the floor while inclining toward the divider. The canvas is secured with blue and green imp ressions, the word organ whenever painted in yellow multiple times while the picture of the precious stones has been rehashed. The word ââ¬Ëorganââ¬â¢ which was put at the focal point of the casket is among the pieces of a gold connection chain. Of all his work in shows, this one appears to be progressively compact. It appears to investigate both the truth and suffocation thought of what being a dark man implies in 2014. In the piece ââ¬ËRemoved Individualââ¬â¢ The body, as a body or alive, echoes through framework and shape all through crafted by cloud., impressions, Handprints, male life systems and heart prints are contained in the triangles which make a yellow-earthy colored, red-pink six-pointed sta. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-84879498462348577922020-08-21T16:00:00.001-07:002020-08-21T16:00:19.322-07:00Smythson of Bond Street Brand PositioningSmythson of Bond Street is a British extravagance cowhide products and customized writing material brand. It is an equivalent word of restrictiveness, cautious great taste, tastefulness, and British legacy. It was established in 1887 in London and from that point onward, the brand has gotten customers, for example, the Queen Victoria, the Royal Family, Grace Kelly, and Madonna. Other than that, Smythson is situated as the ââ¬Å"British Hermesâ⬠as per its present CEO Andy Janowski; whom alongside the new Design Director Rory Oââ¬â¢ Honlon needs to combine the brand as a ââ¬Å"iconic British extravagance calfskin products brandâ⬠.They need to raise their worldwide mindfulness and the brandââ¬â¢s picture by featuring Smythsonââ¬â¢s articulation of contemporary elegance, its multi year legacy, and remarkable craftsmanship. Smythson offers an assortment of extravagance calfskin merchandise, for example, totes, grasps, wallets, travel frill, books and journals, home a dornments, covers for cutting edge instruments, and top of the line writing material; all items with moderate structures that fit Smythsonââ¬â¢s aesthetics.Plus, clients tweaking and etching alternatives go from gold stepped initials to customized themes and monograms. Moreover, the brand advances to top of the line clients the two people searching for restrictive, high caliber, point by point cowhide adornments, who esteem five star writing material and paper products. Then again, potential contenders for Smythson are Luxury brands, for example, Burberry and Gucci. To begin with, Burberry is additionally a British extravagance brand that needs to infiltrate the market by featuring their British Heritage.Unlike Smythson, Burberry has a prepared to-wear line and it doesn't convey writing material products. Second, another contender could be the Italian brand Gucci, in light of the fact that it likewise sells extravagance calfskin products yet the brand pictures are unique. Gucci b ids more to clients searching for hot, exciting, and luxurious products, while Smythson is focused towards an increasingly traditionalist, great, yet trendy client. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-66774191750387223912020-06-09T09:43:00.001-07:002020-06-09T09:43:02.982-07:00Comparison Of USA And Saudi Arabia Research Assignment - 275 WordsComparison Of USA And Saudi Arabia Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Comparison Between the USA And Saudi ArabiaStudents nameInstitutional affiliationCourse name and numberDue dateEvery country in the world has unique factors that differentiate it from other nations. Saudi Arabia and the United States are two large countries that have an influence on both international economics and politics. However, there exist several differences between the two states. Therefore, this paper seeks to bring forth the exceptional characteristics between the United States and Saudi ArabiaThe first distinguishing aspect is religion. In the United States, there are several religions and freedom of worship which makes the US be the most religious nation. It is exposed that many people in the United States believe in religion and it is alleged to play a crucial in peoples life (Crow, 2017). The constitution of this state ensures that religion is empowered and citizens have the power to create spiritual practices. While in Saudi Arabia there is only one rel igion (Noori, 2010). It is estimated that there are more than one hundred religious groups in the USA, where 80 percent are Christians, while Muslims and Jews have two percent each. On the other hand, In Saudi Arabia the official religion is Islamic, and they believe in prophets and God. The law of this nation only allow citizenship to Muslim individuals and non-Muslims are only given a chance to work in this country.The second difference is based on immigration. There are many immigrants in the United States while there are no settlers in Saudi Arabia. The reason behind many foreigners in the US is the existence of systems providing laws that protect the rights of the foreigners (Ullah Haque, 2014). However, in Saudi Arabia, no system supports people from other countries (Lippman Council on Foreign Relations, 2012).The third aspect bringing variances between the two countries is the sources of national income. Saudi Arabia mostly gets its revenue from the sale of oil while the US A has many key sources of income (Hasan, 2006). To touch on few sources, United States obtain their national income from businesses and industries.The United States and Saudi Arabia differs in education systems. Many people move from Saudi Arabia to seek education in the United States (Finkelstein Kelchen, 2017). This movement shows that education is better in the United States as compared to Saudi Arabia.Lastly, the cost of living in the USA is higher compared to Saudi Arabia. The high fee is due to the availability of taxes in the United States which does not exist in Saudi Arabia.To culminate, despite the differences between the two nations, there exist some similarities. However, the education system in the USA tends to be exaggerated when compared to Saudi Arabia since the United States was founded long ago as compared to this country. Understanding these factors is crucial to people intending to live in either of the two countries, and therefore, the differences are fascinati ng ... Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-43902891388240326202020-05-17T11:46:00.001-07:002020-05-17T11:46:22.692-07:00The Age of Reason - 1424 Words Thesis: To discuss the philosophers who participated and had an affect in The Age of Reason. OUTLINE I. David Hume A. Contributions to the Age of Reason B. Who and what influenced him II. Jean Jacques Rousseau A. What he believed in B. Who influenced him III. Claude Adrien Helvetius A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution IV. Immanuel Kant A. How he made a difference B. Why he made a difference C. What caused him to make a difference V. Johann Fichte A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution VI. Johann von Herder A. Contributions B. What caused him to contribute C. Influences VII. Friedrich Schleiermacher A. Why he contributed B. Influences The Age of Reason was a period inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Metaphysics of Ethics (1797) is based on a belief that reason is the final authority for morality. Immanuel Kant believed that all actions are done for a reason and that no self-serving act can be considered to be moral. In 1804, Immanuel Kant passed away (Hampshire 91). German philosopher, Johann Fichte was born on May 19, 1762. He was educated at Pforta, Jena, and Leipzig. He believed that philosophy was a science, because it must come from a single proposition and express all grounds of experience. However, Fichte disagreed with Kant greatly; he felt that all experiences were pure and that they came from an individuals ego and consciousness (Hampshire, 77). Fichtes first essay Critique of All Revelation was written anonymously and many thought that it was one of Immanuel Kants pieces of work. He died on January 27, 1814 in Berlin (Sartre 112). Johann von Herder, a German philosopher, was born on August 25, 1744. He was the first person to introduce romanticism to Germany. Since Johann von Herder was a leader in the Sturm und Drang movement, he had many people who followed and looked up to him. He studied at the University of Kà ¶nigsberg (Paine 105). Johann von Herder attempted to express the fact that nature and human history are very similar. He also attempted to state that in time history will repeat itself (Hampshire 26). Even though his work was left unfinished, his ideas were a huge contribution to The Age ofShow MoreRelated Age Of Reason Essay988 Words à |à 4 Pagesas the Age of Reason discovered many knew inventions and advancements to improve the quality of life. When experimented with, these advantages brought forth knew ideas to extraordinary people who forever changed the way we look at life. Although many people found these discoveries to bring a great revival to mankind, others rejected these new improvements and felt as if they were defying god. These years were full of discoveries, conflicts, and new visions that of the world. The age of reason broughtRead MoreThe Age Of Reason Essay1455 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Cathy Bui Professor Nengo Anthropology March 10 2015 Age of Reason Essay In the book The Age Of Reason by Thomas Paine is about the knowledge of inquiring religious establishments and their own doctrines. He wants the audience to think about the common gumptions that can be seen and describe as a substantiation of a god, for instance from Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. He calls for higher reasoning, a person who rejects the scriptures in the bibles that says we are pretending to use the wordsRead MoreRomanticism : The Age Of Reason1210 Words à |à 5 Pagesimagination and intuition rather than emphasizing on reason and logic. There are no restraints or order in Romanticism; complete spontaneous actions are welcome in this style of writing. Romanticism, or also known as the ââ¬Å"The Romantic Periodâ⬠, refers to the cultural movements that occurred in England, Europe, and America from 1770 to the 1860s. In this literary period, romantic writers saw themselves revolting against another period called the ââ¬Å"Age of Reasonâ⬠which began in the 1700s and ended in 1770.Read MoreThe Age of Reason Essay921 Words à |à 4 PagesEuropean history. Cesaire studied liberal ideas that had sprouted in the Enlightenment period or the Age of Reason, a time where many new ideas sprang up. Reason was used to guide the actions of people and nations; no longer was religion the main force. Science became extremely important because it provided answers to questions. With the Enlightenment came ideas of liberalism. Before the Age of Reason monarchies governed the people. There was great poverty and a disparity between the classes of people;Read More Age of reason Essay1294 Words à |à 6 Pages The Age of Reason was a period i n time during the 18th century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by reason, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowledge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and every philosopher wrote many essays and books about their ownRead MoreAge of Reason Essay1041 Words à |à 5 PagesAge of Reason Essay In the book Age Of Reason, Tomas shares his and analysis on religion, mainly the, Christian and church. There is no the great and influence that these three have had on the of societies the. Pain argues that, to develop and hierarchy in and, have made up all religions. The churches do this by an authoritative truth about life that is in books that have been written by people on the word of authoritative truth is the only truth for those who truly faith in such, and to challengeRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Age Of Reason1126 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was an important period in the history of Western Civilization during the 17th and 18th centuries - a time of social turmoil where societies were divided between social groups and struggled for freedom, equality and democracy (Seidman, 2008: 6). This time gave rise to remarkable social thinkers, known as Enlighteners, who pioneered a new science of society (Seidman, 2008: 5). These highly educated Enlighteners believed the world could be rationallyRead MoreThe Age Of Reason By Judaism1449 Words à |à 6 PagesDuring the ââ¬Å"Age of Reasonâ⬠, Judaism was forced to re-evaluate its core values in response to acculturation and assimilation. The question of emancipation and participation in their new countries brought the Jewish community to a crossroads as they had to determine how far they would veer away from their Jewish values in efforts to fit into the new societies. Jewish philosophers were forced to offer options to the different sects of Judaism that correspond with those sects core values and ethicsRead More An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion Essay1147 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Age of Reason, An Age of Passion The period following the Renaissance focused the human attention toward the beauty of nature. It was manââ¬â¢s turn to be part of the nature and not the other way around. The term picturesqueââ¬âor ââ¬Å"compared to a pictureâ⬠as Michael Woods defines it ââ¬â defines new characteristics of the art from this period. This period, ââ¬Å"An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion,â⬠had a dual natureââ¬ârational, responsive to reason, but also anti-rational, responsive to emotion. ââ¬Å"MakingRead MoreGlorifying the Age of Reason572 Words à |à 2 PagesTHE AGE OF REASON The age of reason is a period in time in which the idea of reasoning things out was glorified. This period is also known as ââ¬Å"The Enlightenmentâ⬠, it started around the mid 1600ââ¬â¢s and ended at around the end of the 1700ââ¬â¢s. Never before had questioning things and acquiring solutions for ourselves as individuals been so popular. This age resulted in major advancements in mathematics, science, even in political views and other subjects. This period is a concoction of different minds Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-56123584915756786312020-05-06T19:15:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:15:12.038-07:00Euthyphro Dialogue Essay examples - 1485 Words In the dialogue Euthyphro (Cahn and Markie), Plato presents an argument against the divine command meta-ethical theory. While the argument is presented against the predominantly pantheistic Greek religions, the argument can be easily applied to the monotheistic Abrahamic religions. The dialogue starts off with the two main characters: Euthyphro and Socrates. Socrates has been indicted for corrupting the youth of Athens and Euthyphro is indicting his father for murdering a day-labourer who killed one of his servants through neglect. Socrates acknowledges that Euthyphro must be very knowledgeable on the subjects of piety and holiness which are integral to the Greek judicial system and that by learning from Euthyphro, Socrates might betterâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If this were the case, the gods would not be the ultimate source of what is holy, and thus not the source of moral authority. Since this is entirely in opposition to the divine command theory of meta-ethics, this cannot be the case, which leaves Socrates and Euthyphro with the idea that objects are holy because the gods love them. It is at this point in the dialogue that Socrates turns the argument to justice. The claim is made that everything that is holy is just and everything that is just is holy; a claim with which Euthyphro again agrees. Socrates presents the following analogy: while we can be afraid of many things, and that fear can be shameful and that to be ashamed is to also be fearful, he asserts that being afraid doesnââ¬â¢t necessarily mean that one should ashamed of that fear ââ¬â that fear is broader than shame. Socrates then applies this analogy to holiness and justice - that all things that are holy are just, but not all things that are holy are necessarily just: justice is thus broader than holiness. This suggests that there is a portion of justice that involves what is holy and another portion that is uninvolved with holiness. When asked to differentiate between these two mutually exclusive components, Euthyphro says that the component of justice that is concerned with holiness is a matter of ministering to the gods and the component that is not concerned with holiness is ministering to people. ThisShow MoreRelatedEuthyphro, A Dialogue Written By Plato1099 Words à |à 5 Pages In ââ¬Å"Euthyphroâ⬠, a dialogue written by Plato, Euthyphro is faced with a series of questions from Socrates regarding what piety is. Euthyphroââ¬â¢s answers continuously contradict one another, and he cannot create a definition. Euthyphro makes reference to the Gods when stating a definition, which leads to the questions, is Euthyphro a theological voluntarist? After examining the claims of Euthyphro and the definition of theological voluntarism, it will become apparent that Euthyphro is not a theologicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Euthyphro 1723 Words à |à 7 Pageswritten philosophical dialogues. Accompanied b y his teacher, Socrates and his most notorious disciple, Aristotle, Plato set the groundworks of Western philosophy and science amid dialogues such as Apology, Euthyphro, Republic and Laws. These dialogues provided some of the earliest handlings of political inquiries from a philosophical viewpoint. In the Euthyphro, Plato composes a dialogue that transpires in 399 BC, weeks before the hearing of Socrates, for which Socrates and Euthyphro try to determineRead MoreEuthyphro, By Plato The Main Idea That Comes Up Is Socratic Ignorance1494 Words à |à 6 Pages3500 Chrisoula Andreou In Euthyphro, by Plato the main idea that comes up is socratic ignorance. Euthyphro argues that he is the self proclaimed expert on the subject of piety and impiety. I could argue in the position that, Euthyphro is claiming expertise in a subject that he doesn t know enough about. This socratic ignorance is the idea of the dialogue. I have decided to take an extra argument in this paper. I argue there is ignorance in both Socrates and Euthyphro. Although it s more difficultRead MoreDefining Piety in Euthyphro by Plato Essay586 Words à |à 3 PagesMain question of the Dialogue The main question of this dialogue is the definition of the word holy or piety. Euthyphro brags that he is more knowledgeable than his father on matters relating to religion. In this case, Socrates suggests to Euthyphro to define that term. The first definition fails to satisfy Socrates because of its limitation in application. Apparently, Socrates perceives this definition as an example rather than a definition. Subsequent arguments and line of questioning lead to fiveRead MoreEssay on Platos Euthyphro578 Words à |à 3 PagesPlatos Euthyphro One of the most interesting and influential thinkers of all time was Socrates, whose dedication to careful reasoning helped form the basis for philosophy. Socrates applied logical tricks in the search for the truth. Consequently, his willingness to call everything into question and his determination to accept nothing less than an accurate account of the nature of things made him one of the first people to apply critical philosophy. AlthoughRead More Socrates - Definitions of Piety Essay942 Words à |à 4 Pagestrial Socrates met a man named Euthyphro, a professional priest who is respected by the authorities (those who want get rid of Socrates). Euthyphro is at the court house to prosecute his father for murder. Socrates finds this to be interesting. If Euthyphro can properly explain why he is prosecuting his father for murder Socrates might have an understanding of piety. This would help Socrates to defend himself, for the prosecutors know and think highly of Euthyphro. Socrates could then draw parallelsRead MoreEuthyphro, by Plato886 Words à |à 4 Pagessignificant impact on humanity. Most of all, it is methodologies of attaining this knowledge that makes him so mesmerizing. This methodology is referred to as Socratic irony, in literature. In any case, I will introduce the argument that Platos Euthyphro is extremely indicative of this type of methodology, for the reason being that: Socratess portrays a sense of intellectual humility. I will begin by, imposing the distinction between Socratic irony, and the one that is more familiar. As mentionedRead MoreEuthyphro And Plato Essay1594 Words à |à 7 Pages In two distinct works of Plato, he attempts to determine the good and explaining it so others can also understand it the way he does. The Euthyphro aims at determining the definition of piety through a dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates in order to come to a clear understanding through a thought out conversation. Similarly in the Republic, Plato utilizes three specific analogies to best convey the likeness, the levels, and the journey to reaching the highest good. The sun analogy, the dividedRead MoreEuthyphro1289 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis of Euthyphro Nikon121 PHI 200 Bob Harris October 15, 2012 Analysis of Euthyphro Socrates was put to death in Athens for subverting the youth of the city. He was indicted by Meletus and awaiting his trail on the porch of the King of Archon when he met Euthyphro. It was at this point he engaged in a debate about piety. In this paper, I will examine that debate and present my own conclusion about its purpose as well as my own definition of piety. HolinessRead MoreThe Divine Command theory of ethics is a theory that states that an act is right or wrong and good700 Words à |à 3 Pagesfound in Platoââ¬â¢s dialogue Euthyphro proposes a dilemma that has since been a very controversial subject. When Socrates encounters Euthyphyo, he is on his way to trail to face charges against his own father. His father had been accused of unintentionally murdering a servant. Socrates believes that Euthyphro prosecuting his own father for killing someone is simply not right, and he asks Euthyphro to explain to him the reasoning behind it, so he can understand whether what Euthyphro is doing is a pious Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-84895743966766647132020-05-06T00:55:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:55:25.740-07:00Research Review Rising Inequality Schools Question: Discuss about the Research Review for Rising Inequality Schools. Answer: Introduction The research review aims to understand, contextualize and evaluate how quantitative data is produced and utilized. In order to accomplish the present task, the review would consider media reporting of a piece of research published in the present year, which produced quantitative data on a chosen topic of sociological interest. This review would select a media reporting from the Daily Express and the survey was done by ComRes. Critical Analysis The selected report focuses on children from underprivileged backgrounds, suffering from lack of social mobility in the context of education. In the UK, it is seen that the young students from underprivileged backgrounds are less likely to enroll in university programs compared to their peers with wealthier family background. The data obtained from a survey of 1002 undergraduate students, who were studying in university in the UK. Data were measured by gender, university group and age. The data were gathered by ComRes, a member of the British Polling Council (Express.co.uk 2016). ComRes carried out the survey for Teach First, a social enterprise, which is listed as a charity, strives to deal with educational shortcoming in Wales and England. The selected population was the undergraduate students and data were measured by gender, university group and age, which indicate the utilization of purposive random sampling by the research group. In random sampling, individuals in the target population get an equal chance of selection. Purposive sampling is structured to serve a specific purpose. In the selected research, experiences of the students regarding university admission have been explored. Therefore, selection of the university students was highly significant, as they are the most suitable individuals, who could effectively express their opinions, views and concerns regarding university administration. The selected study represents online field-work, which is a type of research methodology that considers ethnographic factors created via computer-assisted social interaction. As seen in this survey, ComRes surveyed undergraduate students and also categorized based on gender, university group and age. As a part of social research, considering ethnography of the survey is highly significant. It enables the researchers to obverse society from the perspective of the study subjects. Considering this, the researchers have p hrased questions, such as, when a participant student decided to apply for university, influencing factors that made them apply to the University of their Choice and so on. The questions were phrased in a legible way so that the participants do not temporize to answer. The data were gathered in an appropriate way. It is evident that the researchers while found majority of the respondents express a particular opinion, they adequately allowed them to express an alternative opinion. For instance, the respondents were asked about the influential factors that help the students to choose a university of their choice. Respondents, who agreed about the presence of an influencing factor, were further surveyed to understand a specific factor, by providing them with options like course reputation, university reputation, financial factors, distance of the university from home, recommendation, peer factor, and so on. Another prominent support in this context would be that the students were asked about sources of information that might have influenced their decision to enroll for university. Respondents, who have agreed to the application of information, were further enquired to understand the most preferred option, like a university visit, advice from family me mbers, information from school, business professionals, and so on. From the survey it was found that almost 21% of the undergraduate students are confident about their application to a university of their choice. Undergraduate students from wealthier socio-economical background (grade A and grade B), 48% and 45%, respectively are likely to apply for their higher studies compared to students from lower social grade (grade C1 and C2), 34% and 30%, respectively. 81% students report that their friends and families expect them to register for higher studies, whereas, 19% surprised their friends and family members by applying to a university. University reputation is a major factor that the students consider to a greater extent (71%), while applying for higher studies in a university of their choice (Express.co.uk 2016). Due to this survey, various significant suggestions have emerged from respective higher authorities. For instance, with a rapid change in the education system, reintroduction of grammar schools to develop social mobility has been suggeste d. Changes in government approaches have also been identified. Changes should include development of more associated strategies, which would connect individual steps of a young individuals education journey. The report also revealed three major hindrances that the students from the underprivileged group face to pursue higher education. The students from poor social background fall behind their well-off peers in achievement. They pose inadequate awareness regarding opportunities in the universities and they hardly receive quality support, which could change aspiration to reality. These in turn demonstrate a need to adequately deal with the issues in a harmonized way in order to ensure reasonable access to the university. Better practices need to be implemented in order to raise more attendance in schools though improved leadership and teaching. The responsible authorities need to offer effective training so that they could extend more support for the students and make sure that they unde rstand probable options and take right decisions. A report by Kent County Council, also mentioned about the effectiveness of the reintroduction of grammar schools to develop social mobility (Kent County Council 2016). This data provides a support to the findings reported in the Daily Express. It is also evident from the existing literature that that the government of the respective states, education authorities, policy makers are agreed to the fact that they need to merge their efforts in a planned way and take the responsibility to support progress, lack of which could make them to miss the opportunities to build better nations at the present era of rapid globalization. The education of the underprivileged children should be at the heart of related agendas. Gregory et al. (2010) similarly supported the idea of practical and realistic recommendation like working collaboratively with parents, students and schools to encourage better engagement with the families and parents by the grammar schools and primary schools. This would furthe r promote greater outreach comprising better scope to get enrolled in renowned universities to pursue higher studies, better preparation and mentoring, eliminating financial barriers like school transport and so on. Duncan and Murnane (2011) in this regard have mentioned about prioritization and implementation of Student premium while signing admission agreements. Another report published by the International Business Times (2014) demonstrated associations between low educational outcome and parents educational level, which demonstrated that children tend to have low educational outcome if their parents had low level of education. It is also established that children from underprivileged family attend schools with limited resources and facilities that in turn hinder them from accessing good quality childcare and early education. Inadequate financial resources generate stress and depression, which affect the parents to support their children. However, the report did not provide any q uantitative data set, presence of which would have improved the authenticity of the report. The chosen report provides a good account of the research. The questionnaire survey further ensures the accuracy and reliability of the published results. Similar report published by the New York Times, demonstrated the presence of education gap between poor and rich, which in growing at a rapid rate (Porter 2015). The report majorly focuses on racial disparities in the education by considering the children from the African-American background. A test score deficit was demonstrated in certain subjects. Besides, the report also focused on the children from lower socio-economic background and explored the challenges they face while planning to pursue higher studies. Poor health issues were identified as one of the major hindrance that restrict the children from going to the private pre-schools and other enrichment opportunities like extra lessons, arts, music, sports, and so on, as major amount of the household income spent to access health services. Thus, it could be stated that selec tion of the present media report is also suitable. Reardon (2011) in this regard has mentioned about the difficulties teachers face while serving the minority and poor children. Some teachers believe that managing children coming from underprivileged community is more difficult. Teachers also need to deliver very basic instruction as the disadvantaged students should understand, which indicates the existence of a huge gap. The proficiency gap could be narrowed down and achievement could be equalized at the very preliminary age of education, up to 14years (Riddell 2013). This practice would ultimately close the gaps exits in college enrollment. A report by Tavernise (2012) illustrated that the policy makers are thinking and implementing beyond improving curriculums and teachers. In order to bring underprivileged students up to speed, parents are also encouraged to take part in the collaborative efforts. The parents are informed about best practices in parenting, increasing their pays and supporting them to deal with overlapping needs of family and work. Conclusion In a nutshell, the review completely explained how the findings are generated and reported by using a set of survey questionnaire. Social mobility is referred to be the association between social class and income of individuals in the early years and their social class or income in later life (Milburn 2012). The difference may affect an individual to greater extent considering social, financial, emotional wellbeing (Clark 2014). From the comparison between two different sources of reports on same topic demonstrates the presence of inequality in education across the globe. The review situated the findings in terms of already existing literature on the selected topic and evaluated the method of data collection by supporting with appropriate literature. References Clark, G., 2014.The son also rises: surnames and the history of social mobility. Princeton University Press. Duncan, G.J. and Murnane, R.J. eds., 2011.Whither opportunity?: Rising inequality, schools, and children's life chances. Russell Sage Foundation. Express.co.uk. (2016).Poorer children still suffer from lack of social mobility in education. [online] Available at: https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/700052/poorer-children-social-mobility-school-further-education-university-poll [Accessed 20 Nov. 2016]. Gregory, A., Skiba, R.J. and Noguera, P.A., 2010. The achievement gap and the discipline gap two sides of the same coin?.Educational Researcher,39(1), pp.59-68. International Business Times UK. (2016).UK Social Mobility: ONS Warns a Lack of Education is Keeping Children in Poverty. [online] Available at: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/uk-social-mobility-ons-warns-lack-education-keeping-children-poverty-1466817 [Accessed 20 Nov. 2016]. Kent County Council, (2016).Grammar schools and social mobility Select Committee. Milburn, A., 2012. University challenge: How higher education can advance social mobility.A progress report by the Independent Reviewer on Social Mobility and Child Poverty. Cabinet Office UK. Porter, E., 2015. Education Gap Between Rich and Poor Is Growing Wider.New York Times. Reardon, S.F., 2011. The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations.Whither opportunity, pp.91-116. Riddell, R., 2013. Social mobility and education.A Student's Guide to Education Studies, p.22. Tavernise, S., 2012. Education gap grows between rich and poor, studies say.New York Times,9. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-42752576105161504532020-04-21T00:11:00.001-07:002020-04-21T00:11:03.209-07:00Receive a Splendid Movie Review Essay from Us The guidelines that accompany the movie review essay are sometimes too complicated to follow. If you ignore or overlook any of these guidelines, you can be awarded a poor grade, or you can be told to redo the work. Either way, you end up losing. You should not go through all these tribulations when we can help you understand how to write a movie review essay. In contrast to the other agencies which are just out to make money from desperate clients, our main point of focus is to ensure that you receive a paper of high-quality. As our customer, you need to feel that you have received quality for your hard-earned money. You should not waste your time making a comparison of the different agencies when we can provide you with all that you need. 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Amlan Pati (07) Daman Bir Singh (22) Rajat Gupta (43) Shishir Shukla (47) Tanuj Goyal (56) Market Plan for PG Detergents CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. Executive Summaryâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 2 Segmentation, Target Market and positioningâ⬠¦.. 3 Competitor Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 5 Perceptual Mapâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â ¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦7 Industrial Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. Market Environmentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 9 SWOT Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦10 Forecastingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã ¢â¬ ¦. 11 Goals and Objectives for Marketing in 2012-13â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 13 Market Penetration Strategyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 14 Distribution Channel Strategyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 19 Budgetâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 21 Marketing Implementation, Evaluation Controlâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 21 Review of Company Websiteâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 23 Referenceâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦25 1|Page Market Plan for PG Detergents Executive Summary PG is the worlds largest consumer goods company that markets more than 300 brands in over 180 countries. Many of its products are non-discretionary; however, some are considered premium purchases and their sales suffered during the recession as cheaper, generic purchases rose. P has some of the strongest brands in the world that usually provide it a significant competitive advantage. Procter Gamble (P) is a Fortune 500 American multinational corporation. P focuses on its core businesses and leading billion-dollar brands for growth. Nearly 80% of sales and growth this decade has come from 10 businesses, including baby care, blades and razors, fabric care, family care, feminine care, home care, oral care, prestige fragrances, retail and skin care. P has shifted the business portfolio to more beauty and personal care products. During this time, the percentage of sales in these higher-margin businesses has increased from 18% to 33%. Beauty, personal care, and health care products have accounted for 60% of sales and growth. In 2011, P recorded $82. 6 billion dollars in sales, Gross Profit was $41. 79 billion dollars, and Total Assets was 138. 5 billion. For this assignment, data was collected from various secondary sources and a market analysis of the refrigerator industry was carried out. We first understood the corporate strategy and the brand strategy for the firm. We analysed the firm? s strengths and weaknesses by conducting a SWOT analysis. Our strategy focuses on increasing the market share of P in detergent market by focusing on improved product, maintaining existing share and expanding in low-income segment. Vision Statement ââ¬Å"Be, and be recognized as, the best consumer products and services company in the world. â⬠Mission Statement We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world? s consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. â⬠2|Page Market Plan for P Detergents SEGMENTATION, TARGETING POSITIONING by P AND The synthetic detergent market can be classified into premium (Surf, Ariel), mid-price (Tide, Rin) and popular segments (Nirma), which account for 15%, 40% and 45% of the total market, respectively. The product category is fairly mature and is dominated by two players, HLL and Nirma. Nirma created a revolution in the market by pioneering the concept of lowcost detergents. Currently, the market is highly segmented with the differential between the premium and popular segments at almost 7X. Premium Segment Brand Features Target Segment Ariel Oxy- Has a very nice aroma leaving your SEC A1, A2, A3 consumer having clothes ultra clean without the use of any monthly income more than 15K. Blu bleaching. The potential of oxy-blu cleans It also comes in Rs. sachet and degrease your daily cloth leaving a very nice and fresh smell Ariel Ultramatic Exclusively for Top load washing SEC A1, A2, A3 consumer mainly machines. The unique tumble wash using top-load washing machines. technology of top-loading machines needs Comes in box packaging a special chemistry, which Ariel Ultramatic provides. It completely eliminates the need to bucket soak and a scrub Exclusively for front load washing machi nes. The unique tumble wash technology of front-loading machines needs a special chemistry, which Ariel Front-o-Mat provides. Using Ariel Fronto-Mat completely eliminates the need to bucket soak and a scrub. Affluent washing machine users mostly SEC A1, A2 consumers. Comes in box packaging of small and large sizes Ariel Front-OMat Ariel 2 in 1 Ariel Spring Clean with a floral fragrance, Targeting SEC and Ariel Fresh Clean with a refreshing A2,A3,B1,B2consumers fragrance. combination of ââ¬Å¾superior cleaning? and ââ¬Å¾a choice of fragrances? A1, Mid Price Segment Tide Plus Tide provides ââ¬Å¾Outstanding Whiteness? on SEC B1, B2, C1 up to E1 white clothes excellent cleaning on consumers preferring hand-wash coloured clothes as well. With fragrance cleaning 3|Page Market Plan for P Detergents of jasmine and superior Tide Natural Superior washing with lemon and sandal SEC B2,C1 up to E1 consumers fragrance As per the survey it can be inferred that due to stiff competition from HUL and Commodity market P has introduced brands in Premium and Mid-Price category in wide range of prices, weights and value proposition, catering broad consumer base from Sec A1 to Sec E1 category. Ariel caters to Sec A1 to Sec B2 category, Tide Plus and Tide Natural target consumer from Sec B1 to Sec E1 category. The usage reduces as we move down the socioeconomic class as other brands from popular category like Nirma, Fena, wheel and commodities get higher priority over P detergents due to their lower price. Brands, Positioningââ¬â as conveyed through the advertisements and survey S. no. Brand Name Proposition/Positioning Stain Removal, Less Water, Special offering for Washing Machine, Extra Bright Clothes. Middle and premium segment Best clean with less effort, For heavy duty laundry. Mass market consumers. Lower medium-price segment. Whiteness, reaching both lower upper class segment consumers through small introductory packing. For mid-priced segment Stain Removal, Oxygen power, Kills germs. washing machine Middle and premium segment Whiteness benefit. Lime and indigo ingredient. Mass market consumers. Lower medium-price segment Whiteness, Superior cleaning. Lower price segment Stain removal, fragrance, washing machine. Medium and premium segment. Whiteness. Lower price segment. No special benefits of the powder mentioned Low price, sold in open according to weight, sold on name of branded product 1 Surf Excel 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wheel Tide Henko Mr White Rin Ariel Nirma Commodity 4|Page Market Plan for P Detergents Competitor Analysis Globally Procter Gamble provides the broadest and biggest portfolio of products in the household and personal care industry with 28 billion-dollar brands. P generates approximately one and half times the revenue than its closest competitor, Unilever (UL), and possesses a higher operating margin (20. 30%) than any of its competitors as well. Globally, P have achieved double digit growth in 2010, with a net profit margin of 15. 4%, ROI of 20. 7%, and ROE of 26. 1%. But in India P detergent market share is 17%, whereas HUL detergent market share is 37%. Other close competitors of P in this product category are Nirma (19%), Ghari (10%). There are 19 such competitors in detergent market in India. HUL is market leader in Detergent market in India. HUL have many SKU compare to P detergents. HUL detergents are available in 12 different SKU at different prices whereas P is available only in 7 SKU. P has lesser promotional offers compare to HUL. P detergents have offers available on larger SKU i. e. on 3 kg 4 kg packs whereas HUL detergents give promotional offers on 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg, 3. 8 kg 4 kg. HUL have better distribution network than P. Shelf space occupied by HUL detergents are larger than P detergents i. e. Ariel Tide. HUL is being in Indian Market for 70 years, whereas P is being in India for 30 years. Globally, P has huge R department investment, but in India it invests only 0. 05% of its total turnover. P? s Tide has better penetration in the market as compare to Ariel. HUL? s Surf Excel is market leader in premium brand detergents. Henko is another competitor of P? s Ariel. But it does not have significant market share. Tide is capturing market share of smaller players in the detergent market. But still Ghari Nirma is having 10% 19% market share. Tide is getting tough competition from HUL? s Rin also. But better packaging fragrance makes Tide more attractive offer to purchase at the same price. P detergents consist of enzymes, which keeps clothes fresh for longer period. P? s global brand name helps them in penetrating into the existing market. But inefficient distribution network has reduced the market share of Ariel. Surf Excel has significant shelf space in retail stores general stores. 5|Page Market Plan for P Detergents Product Form RIN Normal, RIN Jasmine and Rose, MrWhite, TIDE Normal, TIDE Jasmine and Rose, TIDE Lemon, FENA Impact, Bruno, RIN Matic, NAULAKHA Condet, HENKO Neem, Product Category Surf Blue, Surf Quick Wash, ARIEL Spring Clean, ARIEL Fresh Clean, HENKO Stain Champion Matic, HENKO Front Load, Surf Matic Top Load, Surf Matic Front Load, ARIEL Oxy-Blu, ARIEL Oxy Blu+ 24hr Freshness, ARIEL Ultra matic, ARIEL Front-O-mat, NIRMA Popular, ACTIVE WHEEL Lemon orange, Fena Normal, Ghari, NAULAKHA No. 66, Maruti Active ,NIRMA Super, 555, commodities Generic Liquid detergents, solid soaps, detergent. Oil based laundry soaps soapless TIDE Budget Food, Cosmetic, Medicine etc Product Form Surf Blue, Wonder Wash, Surf Quick Wash, ARIEL Spring Clean, ARIEL Fresh Clean, HENKO Stain Champion Matic, HENKO Front Load, Surf MaticTop Load, Surf MaticFront Load, ARIEL OxyBlue, ARIEL OxyBlue+ 24hr Freshness, ARIEL Ultramatic, ARIEL Front-Omat Product Category RIN Normal, RIN Jasmine and Rose, Mr White, NAULAKHA Nuera Bright, TIDE Normal, TIDE Jasmine and Rose, TIDE Lemon, FENA Impact, Bruno, RIN Matic, NAULAKHA Condet, HENKO Neem, NIRMA Popular, ACTIVE WHEEL Lemon orange, Fena Normal, Ghari , NAULAKHA No. 6, Maruti Active, loose, NIRMA Super, 555, Commodities Ariel Generic Liquid detergents, powder detergents, solid soaps. Oil based laundry soaps Budget Food, Cosmetic, Medicine etc 6|Page Market Plan for P Detergents Perceptual Map Fig: Perceptual-Map for detergent brands Key positioning of P detergent brands is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Premium brand against competitors Superior Technology Fragranc e oriented detergent Importance of quality Low temperature wash detergent Environmental friendly Remove tough stains Gives shine to your white clothes Gives brightness to your coloured clothes 7|Page Market Plan for P Detergents Industrial Analysis Porter? s Five Forces Buyers Power ? Bargaining power of buyers is high in detergent industry because, o Individual customers are price sensitive and can easily switch to another detergent brand without any additional cost. o Detergents are similar in quality and standard for customers in a particular segment. o If we consider the buyers of consumer products to be retailers rather than individuals, then these firms face very strong buyer power. Retailers like Big Bazaar and hyper-marts are able to negotiate for pricing with companies because they purchase and sell large quantity of product. Supplier Power ? Bargaining power of supplier is limited in detergent industry because, o Supplier firms are comparatively smaller and material supplied by them is similar o Some firms like P might want to have good relationship with suppliers as they want quality material at best prices Threat of new entrant ? Threat of new entrant is moderate o Large marketing and R expense to capture share of unorganized sector o Existing brands are very well known o Capital investment is low, so small manufacturer could develop a superior product Threat of substitute Threat of substitutes in detergent industry is high o Bar soap and liquid soaps are available o Many private-label brands exist in market Degree of rivalry ? Intensity of competition is high o Little differentiation in competitor? s product o Switching costs are low, brands compete for same customers 8|Page Market Plan for P Detergents The Marketing Environment PEST Analysis Political and legal ? GST is to be implemented ? Transporta tion and infrastructure development in rural areas has helped in distribution network ? Restrictions in import policies ? Increase in FDI in the retail sector Economical ? Economic Growth of 8. 5% ? Increase in disposable income at 10 % annually for next 8 yrs. ? Indian Detergent industry recorded a 6. 1% revenue growth in last fiscal year ? The FMCG sector is a 4th largest sector of India and detergent constitute 12% of the total FMCG sector. Socio-cultural ? Rural employment through NAREGA and other govt. plans ? Volume-driven growth in rural market. ? Major Young population can increase revenue. ? The Indian culture, social life styles are changing drastically. Technological ? Technology has been simplified and available in the industry. Foreign players help in high technological development. 9|Page Market Plan for P Detergents SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness ? Strong brand name ? Strong focus on R. Practice of Consumer demand research its ââ¬Å"Connect Developâ⬠R structure. ? Spends twice as much as its nearest competitor on R i. e. around $2 billion. ? Diversified product portfolio ? Pioneered the use of enzyme ? Established distribution networks in both urban and rural areas. ? P? s volume market share in detergents has improved from 7% in 2004 to 15% in 2010 ? Intermittent availability. ? Less SKU, compare to its competitors. Less advertisement activities. promotional ? Inefficient distribution network. ? They spend very less on R in India, i. e. 0. 05% of their total turnover last year. ? Not present in all the P? s 38 product categories in India. ? The employment of foreign based local management who doesn? t have any international business experience ? Analysts feel P will not be able to change the structure of the market, or threat HUL in a big way, and will mostly be able to gain market share at the cost of smaller players (Source: Credit Suisse analysts Venugopal Garre and Hitesh Das naindia. com/money/report_procter-andgamble-gains-at-cost-of-profitability_1567479) Opportunity ? ? Digitize Transport Management System for better logistics. ? Increase capacity utilization of trucks. ? Global sponsor of Olympics for next 5 Olympics starting from London, 2012. This would demonstrate the powerful appeal of their brand portfolio and its tremendous global scale. This would help them in reaching 4 billion customers globally. ? P competes globally in 38 product categories, but in India they compete in less than 50% of their product categories. So here they have tremendous growth opportunity. ? They can come up with new innovative 10 | P a g e Threat ? Profits have declined 30-90% in all its India businesses. ? P Home Products Ltd which operates in detergents, shampoos and skin care is P India? s unlisted company. ? The India business makes a miniscule contribution to P? s global sales. ? Threat from its rivalry HUL, which is well established in Indian market for 75 years and also popular segment brands Market Plan for P Detergents products in popular segment to give competition to its close competitors. They have more than 16,000 product formulas and use more than 4,000 colors in their product labels and plastic packaging. Over the next two years, they can reduce the number of formulas and package specifications by 30% and the number of colors they use by 50ââ¬â75%. Color simplification alone has the potential to generate up to $50 million in annual savings globally. (Source: pg. com/fr_FR/downloads/ann ual_reports/PG _2010_AnnualReport. pdf) ? They should spend more on R in India. As of now, they spent Rs. 41. 05 lakhs last year, which is 0. 05% of total turnover. ? Growing industry ? Large untapped rural market ? Increasing middle class. ? Increasing propensity to consume owing to increase in disposable income Forecasting Sales Forecast for Detergent Market in INDIA Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 In billion Rs 121. 82 125. 91 130 135. 72 The Detergent market is expected to grow by 4. 4% for the year 2012-13 Sales Forecast for P in INDIA Year 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 Sales in billion Rs. 19. 48 18. 94 20. 40 19. 77 11 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Demand (US million dollar) 700. 0 605. 4 600. 0 500. 0 400. 0 300. 0 200. 0 100. 0 0. 0 330. 351. 8 374. 1 398. 0 476. 6 423. 4 449. 2 505. 8 536. 9 570. 1 Demand (US million dollar) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Philip M. Parker, INSEAD, copyright 2008, www. icongrouponline. com COMPANY HUL Nirma P Ghari Others Market Share 37% 19% 17% 10% 17% P? s share in the detergent market is 17% which includes both Ariel and Tide, While Ariel is prominent in the super premium detergent segment which comprises of 10% of the overall detergent market. 12 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Goals and Objectives ? To arrest the fall of market share ? To improve distribution channel and increase availability through-out the country ? To revive the brand image of Ariel as premium laundry detergent P is having two detergent brands Tide and Ariel. Tide is catering to mid-price segment and Ariel is targeting premium segment. Ariel is in competition with HUL? s Surf which is the market leader in premium detergent segment. Ariel is presently struggling in the market, with limited availability in the market premium segment is ruled by Surf excel in machine wash and hand wash detergent segment. Surf has become generic brand for the detergent. Tide on the other hand is doing well; it is competing with Rin, Henko and Mr. White. P is not having any brand in lower segment (popular segment). Ariel is differentiated as a high quality, fragranced, tough on stains and soft to fabric detergent. Four different versions of Ariel are available in the market, Ariel 2in 1, Ariel Oxyblue, Ariel Ultramatic and Ariel Frontomat. Of these, first two versions cater to bucket wash and latter cater to machine wash. Tide is differentiated as fragranced and quick stain removal at affordable price. It comes in two variants, Tide Naturals and Tide plus. Both versions cater to bucket wash and target upper and lower middle class. P is not having any brand in popular segment. Brands in that segment are Wheel, Ghadi, Nirma and Fena. This segment caters to majority of rural market which is currently expanding rapidly. This market requires low priced fabric whitener. Core benefit Basic product Expected product Augmented product Potential product Fabric Cleaner Detergent powder Fabric friendly, soft to hands, cleaning stains, color friendly Fragrance, active enzymes, lathering Liquid detergents, gel based detergents 3 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Market Penetration Strategy Brand Ariel Tide Proposed new product in economy range Overall product line Short Term Increase market share Defend market share Increase market share Increase and defend Long Term Maintain market share Control market share Maintain market share Maintain and control Product Management Plan Product: ? Product line Mix Brand Ariel Tide New proposed product Plan Refine No change New product Expected Result Increased market share for this product No change Encourage trial Product Branding plan Brand Ariel Tide New proposed product Plan Modification Brand reinforcement Brand trial Existing Existing Line Extension New Brand Extension Expected Result Slight enhancement in Ariel 2in1 to make it competitive with Surf Excel Blue Continued awareness Create awareness New Multi brands New Brands Brand Development Strategy ? Ariel 2in1 and Ariel OxyBlu compete with Surf Excel Blue Surf Excel Quick wash respectively. Both are costlier than HUL? s brands and are perceived as of lower quality. Ariel 2in1 and Ariel OxyBlu should be modified so that their cleanliness properties are enhanced such as adding bleach agents especially for 14 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents white colored clothes. Also the line extension is required in Ariel to increase SKU? s and also to cover specific customer need. In BDS fig, Ariel lie in the 1st column. Ariel could also bring carry bag packing as use of polythene has reduced and also it would differentiate it from other ? For Tide, brand reinforcement is required to maintain current market share. New proposed product which is to target popular segment should be promoted and brand awareness should be created, it lies in the 3rd column of BDS. Packaging of new product should be attractive and should set it apart from Nirma, Wheel, Ghadi and Fena. It should also compete with brands of popular segments in terms of SKU? s, price, availability and quality. It should position itself as maximum form producing, quality cleaning at minimum quanti ty used Price ? As the industry is price sensitive, reduction in price of Tide or Ariel may lead to price wars as had happened before between P and Unilever. For new product, three SKU? s would be introduced 1Kg for Rs. 35, 475gm for Rs. 20, and 225gm for Rs 10. ? The product would be developed by reverse engineering for lower end segment 1Kg SKU MRP 35 Cost to retailer (Margin 15- 29. 75 10%) Cost to wholesaler (Margin 2. 5- 29 1. 5%) Cost to distributor (Margin 1- 28. 56 1. 5%) Cost to C (Margin 0. 5-1%) 28. 28 475gm SKU 20 17. 6 17. 25 17 16. 9 225gm SKU 10 9 8. 87 8. 77 8. 73 Considering 40% manufacturer margin, the cost that can be incurred is Rs. 17 per Kg 15 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Pricing of different P products Costing We came to these prices as we made our own basic detergent. Here the major difference lies in the cost of enzymes. These enzymes, colour, perfume, oxygen-balls are the added features in the quality of detergent. Cost of enzymes is important as its range varies from Rs 20/- per 5 kg for local enzymes to Rs 2000/-kg and above for active enzymes. The companies have different mix of enzymes and add-ons that provides a particular attribute to a brand. Further the cost of Distribution and Promotion is added to the cost of manufacturing. Brand Weight Kg Price Rs(A) Price/1 kg Cost to retailer (Margin 12%) 294. 80 277. 20 149. 60 1. 76 175. 12 123. 02 545. 60 342. 32 436. 48 17. 60 0. 88 49. 72 Cost to Wholesaler (Margin 1. 5%) 290. 38 273. 04 147. 36 1. 73 172. 49 121. 18 537. 42 337. 19 429. 93 17. 34 0. 87 48. 97 Cost to Distributor (Margin 1%) 287. 47 270. 31 145. 88 1. 72 170. 77 119. 97 532. 04 333. 81 425. 63 17. 16 0. 86 48. 48 Cost to C (B) (Margin 0. 5%) 286. 04 268. 96 145. 15 1. 71 169. 91 119. 37 529. 38 332. 14 423. 51 17. 08 0. 85 48. 24 Price A-B Ariel 2 in 1 Ariel 2 in 1 Ariel 2 in 1 Ariel Oxyblu Ariel Front -o-mat Ariel Oxyblu Ariel Oxyblu Ariel Oxyblu Ariel Ultramatic Tide Naturals Tide Plus Tide Plus 16 | P a g e 3 2 1 0. 014 1 1 4 2 3 0. 4 0. 013 0. 95 335 315 170 2 199 139. 8 620 389 496 20 1 56. 5 111. 67 157. 50 170. 00 142. 86 199. 00 139. 80 155. 00 194. 50 165. 33 46. 51 76. 92 59. 47 48. 96 46. 04 24. 85 0. 29 29. 09 20. 43 90. 62 56. 86 72. 49 2. 92 0. 15 8. 26 Market Plan for P Detergents Tide Plus Tide Plus Tide Plus 6 2 0. 95 430 150 74 71. 67 75. 00 77. 89 378. 40 132. 00 65. 12 372. 72 130. 02 64. 14 369. 00 128. 72 63. 50 367. 15 128. 08 63. 18 62. 85 21. 92 10. 82 Pricing strategy for P detergent depends on the SKUs and brands. The New Product in popular category was following market-penetration pricing and give flat margin along the supply chain. This will help them promoting the product along value chain and also enhance the shelf space for the product. Established brand like Ariel and Tide follow different pricing strategy along their product line depending on the features and weight . Different promotion techniques are used long with traditional medium of Print and Television advertisement. This adds to the final price of the product. Brand Ariel 2 in 1 Ariel Oxyblue Tide Plus Ariel Oxyblue Ariel Ultramatic Ariel Oxyblue Tide Naturals Weight( kg) 3 4 0. 95 1 3 2 0. 4 Weight(gm) Price(Rs) 3000 4000 950 1000 3000 2000 430 335 620 56. 5 139. 8 496 389 20 Offer MRP 410/-, Discount 75/2+2 74 154 Discount on MRP 597 Free Bucket 400+30 gm Price/10 gm 1. 12 1. 55 0. 59 1. 40 1. 65 1. 95 0. 47 As seeing from the above table, the pricing strategy ranges from product line, Product bundling pricing, Discount pricing etc. 17 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Brand Ariel OxyBlue Price/10grm 1. 95 Features Has a very nice aroma leaving your clothes ultra clean without the use of any bleaching. The potential of oxyblu cleans and degrease your daily cloth leaving a very nice and fresh smell Exclusively for Top load washing machines. The unique tumble wash technology of top-loading machines needs a special chemistry, which Ariel Ultramatic provides. It completely eliminates the need to bucket soak and a scrub Exclusively for front load washing machines. The unique tumble wash technology of front-loading machines needs a special chemistry, which Ariel Front-o-Mat provides. Using Ariel Front-o-Mat completely eliminates the need to bucket soak and a scrub. Ariel Spring Clean with a floral fragrance, and Ariel Fresh Clean with a refreshing fragrance. combination of ââ¬Å¾superior cleaning? and ââ¬Å¾a choice of fragrances? Tide provides ââ¬Å¾Outstanding Whiteness? on white clothes excellent cleaning on coloured clothes as well. With fragrance of jasmine and superior Superior washing with lemon and sandal fragrance Ariel Ultramatic 1. 65 Ariel Front-O-Mat 1. 99 Ariel 2 in 1 1. 58 Tide Plus .75 Tide Natural .47 18 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Distribution Channel and strategy: Manufacturer Agents(C Regional Distributor F)/ Sales Large retail stores Distributors Consumers Business Consumers Retailers Wholesalers Consumers Retailers Consumers Ariel is facing a major problem of availability in India and this can be tackled only by improving the distribution system. This can be achieved by creating distributors of global standard and by establishing Customer Business Development strategy. CBD (Customer Business Development) is a multifunctional strategy with a view to deliver volume and profits to the company. By partnering with the ââ¬Å¾Customers? the company ensure maximum involvement. CBD also aims at building the sales, shares and profits of the Customer (distributor). This leads to a decrease in the number of distributors however leads to an increase in profit per distributor. Another important step is to increase the coverage from 6. 2 lakh stores to at least 9 lakh stores by offering special discounts/ promotional offers to the retailers via the distributors The Importance of Distribution Most producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market. They try to develop a distribution channel (marketing channel) to do this. A distribution channel is a set of interdependent organizations that help make a product available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. Channel intermediaries are firms or individuals such as wholesalers, agents, brokers, or retailers who help move a product from the producer to the consumer or business user. A company? s channel decisions directly affect every other marketing decision. Place decisions, for example, affect pricing. Marketers that distribute products through mass merchandisers such as Big Bazaar will have different pricing objectives and strategies than will those that sell to specialty stores. Distribution decisions 19 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents can sometimes give a product a distinct position in the market. The choice of retailers and other intermediaries is strongly tied to the product itself. Manufacturers select mass merchandisers to sell mid-price-range products while they distribute top-of-the-line products through high-end department and specialty stores. The firm? s sales force and communications decisions depend on how much persuasion, training, motivation, and support its channel partners need. Whether a company develops or acquires certain new products may depend on how well those products fit the capabilities of its channel members. Some companies pay too little attention to their distribution channels. Distribution strategy is considered to be the most effective because it affects the pricing strategy a better distribution strategy can lead to a better profit position and in turn would benefit the channel partners. Promotion Plan Brand Ariel Plan Increase frequency Message Arouse desire to buy, communicating effectiveness of fabric cleaning Maintain reach and Remind-awareness, frequency levels with hold interest existing ads Increase advertisement, sponsoring events Inform-awareness, gain attention Expected Results Meet target sales forecast Continue to saturate market with existing message Meet target sales forecas Tide New product P has only 3% share in television advertisements which is very low compared to its competitors. Ariel: The promotion will focus on women and youth and how using Ariel can save their time as it has very quick cleaning ability. This will be achieved by extensive advertising program. Regular advertisement for Ariel and Tide to create top of the mind consumer awareness of brand: These ads will be aired on business family entertainment channels like Colours, Star Plus, Sony, Zee during their prime time, on sports channels during special events and on lifestyle channels such as NDTV imagine zoom. Magazines like Femina, Cosmopolitan, Grihshobha, etc. 20 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Budget Media Mediums Media Electronic/mass TV media Cost calculation (52 Days) x (4 Channels) x (2 Times a Day) x (2,00,000/30 Sec) Radio (52 Days) x (2 Channels) x (5 Times a Day) x (700/10 Sec) ICC twenty20 (20 slots per World Cup match for 27 matches) x (2. 5 Lakh /10 sec slot) Newspaper (52 days(Sundays))x (3 Newspapers) x (Rs. 450/sq. cm) Magazines (2 Magazines) x (6 issues) x (30,000 per issue per ad) Total Cost Rs. 8,32,00,000 Rs. 3,64,000 Rs. 3,50,00,000 Print Rs. 70,200 Rs. 3,60,000 Total Sales Force Total Rs. 21,89,94,200 50 executives x 12 x 15,000 per Rs. 90,00,000 month Rs. 22,79,94,200 Marketing Implementation, Evaluation, and Control The five modules of MIEV are: 1. Annual plan control It comprises at least five performance gauging tools: I. Sales analysis: ACTUAL SALES: RS. 20. 40 billion TARGET SALES: RS. 19. 77 billion Market-share analysis: (19. 77*100)/135. 72= 14. 57% Expense-to-sales analysis Rs. 227,994,200 Financial analysis Profit Margin= 2. 73/19. 77= 0. 14 II. III. IV. 21 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents 2. Profitability control: Money spent on Media i. e. on print mass media: Rs. 218,994,200. 50 Sales Force executives, earning 15000/month: Rs. 9,000,000 This would result in Net profit of 2. 73 billion 3. Efficiency control: It involves micro level analysis of various elements of the marketing mix including sales force, advertising, sales promotion distribution. Money spent on Media i. e. on print mass media: Rs. 218,994,200. 50 Sales Force executives, earning 15000/month: Rs. 9,000,000 4. Strategic control: Strategic control processes allow managers to evaluate a company? s marketing program from a critical long-term perspective. This involves a detailed and objective analysis of a company? s organization and its ability to maximize its strengths and market opportunities. ? To arrest the fall of market share ? To improve distribution channel and increase availability through-out the country ? To revive the brand image of Ariel as premium laundry detergent P? s detergent market share is not increasing at fast pace, so our new marketing strategy would enhance it. We have reduced the number of distributors, converted them to mega-distributors, that would decrease the product cost increase Net profit. We are also investing 22. 8 crores in Advertisements promotions, so as to increase the brand image of Ariel. We are also going to add a new chemical to the product, to enhance the effectiveness of detergent. 5. Marketing audit We are going to Target Sec A1-E3. For each segment we have different SKU of Ariel Tide. Changes could come from marketing research function. For example, results of a customer satisfaction study may signal to modify the new product that is being offered 2 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents Marketing Changes and contingency plans ? If a new brand is launched in competition with Tide then promotional expenditure for Tide has to be increased to maintain the market share. This may involve Price-offs and Bonus packs which will increase expenditure ? If a competitor launches new product or reacts aggressively to P? s plann ed new product in low-price segment by reducing price then free samples would be given in order to encourage trial Review of Company website The look of the site is quit basic and pedestrian. There is no use of graphics, animation and sound. Very limited information is present on the website about the company and its different brands. Few Characteristics of the Site Look and feel readability Ease of use Site map Return to Home Page from any page Use of attractors Use of valuable graphics Use of valuable animation Use of valuable sound Level of interaction Available in multiple languages Accessibility for the disabled Automatic email response Personal email response The company stock price performance Improvements that can be done: ? Use of web 2. 0 to develop a Rich Internet Application ? Popular advertisements can be streamed though site and can be share by the visitors on their various social networking site profiles ? Information about latest offers, competitions, freebies and new products should be present on site ? Strong social media presence with links to Facebook, twitter etc. profiles on the site. ? Site should be regularly updated with latest news casts on it Poor Yes No Yes No No No No Low No No No No No 23 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents There should be better feedback and complain soliciting forum on the site for better consumer relationship ? It should give the user flexibility to choose his regional language and text and advertisements should be displayed accordingly 24 | P a g e Market Plan for P Detergents References Indiastat. com EBISCO P. com P-India. com Principles of Marketing Wikipedia. com dnaindia. com/money/report_procter-and-gamble-gains-at-costof-profitability_1567479) ? Econo mics. com ? DNA ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 25 | P a g e Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-7169250682448153752020-02-28T13:30:00.001-08:002020-02-28T13:30:03.994-08:00Analysis and Evaluation of Aspects of Pastoral Care and Mentoring in EssayAnalysis and Evaluation of Aspects of Pastoral Care and Mentoring in the Educational Contest - Essay Example ..............................10 Opportunity Costs V Opportunity Gains.....................................................11 Specific Pastoral Needs and Strategies.......................................................12 Conclusion â⬠¦..............................................................................................14 References...................................................................................................15 Introduction This paper undertakes an in-depth enquiry into the concepts of pastoral care and mentoring in the educational context. This involves a critical analysis meant to evaluate aspects of pastoral care and mentoring. In attaining this end, the researcher undertakes a critical evaluation of the specific pastoral needs of students and examines the strategies for the attainment of this end in educational institutions. The paper examines how pastoral care and mentoring supports in effective learning. This is done through an examination of t he needs of people in the educational system. It also analyses the various strategies in the attainment of these ends. There will be an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the strategies. The analysis will conclude on the ends that each strategy meets in terms of specific pastoral care. The following objectives are examined: 1. A critical analysis of pastoral care and mentoring in the educational system. 2. ... Best states that ââ¬Å"pastoral care marks an evolution of education from a purely academic system to one which incorporates social and family oriented lessonsâ⬠(2000 p3). This means that Pastoral care seeks to integrate the important aspects of life that were primarily taught by parents and the society to children in the society before the coming of the Industrial Revolution. In other words, the social system of Britain was quite distinct in about five hundred years ago. However, in modern times, changes in the socio-economic system of Britain and other nations has caused the focus of society to shift from social values to one where efficiency, economic gains and independence are emphasized. As such, pastoral care attempts to recreate and inculcate the social value systems and structures that were taught informally before fundamental changes to the society occurred. The system through which most schools do this is through pastoral care, affective education, guidance and couns elling and personal/social education (Best, 2000). This is strongly steeped in Christian traditions and systems of trying to get people to be morally and socially upright right from an early stage. The world Pastoral care has a Latin root, pascere which means to feed. Best traces it to the early Anglican systems of Britain where Pastors were required to 'feed' their 'flocks' through care and other forms of mentoring and supervision systems which ensured that the members of the Church carried out what was taught in the Church and also raise their children in accordance with acceptable standards and traditions (Best, 2000). Pastoral Care became common in Cambridge and Oxford and gradually spread to secular state Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-37984830274141390452020-02-12T06:16:00.001-08:002020-02-12T06:16:02.788-08:00Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Public Law - Essay Example (Author 1999) (Hinsley 1986) The United States of America supports a federal type of system wherein the state government functions as a separate entity and has got nothing to do with the central government. The United States prefers what we call the ââ¬Å"clipped sovereigntyâ⬠. It needs to be noted than in terms of constitutional sovereignty, the federal law is supposed to be placed at a higher pedestal when compared with state law. Hence, if the need of the hour demands the state government to tone down their policies and legal status with regards to the federal system, they would have no choice but to comply. The clipped sovereignty has been showcased in a perfect manner through a relevant sentence in the Article IV of the constitution. (Bloom and Johnson 2001) (American Philosophical Association, Sage School of Philosophy, JSTOR 1964) ââ¬Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.â⬠(Bloom and Johnson 2001) European countries, with special regards to Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium and the European Union, follow an Upper Federal House System. Out here, there is no election but the composition is based on the governments of their constitution. In Germany Adolf Hitler viewed federalism as an obstacle and he wrote about it in his book Mein Kampf. He wrote, ââ¬Å"National Socialism must claim the right to impose its principles on the whole German nation, without regard to what were hitherto the confines of federal states.â⬠(Hitler 1998) ââ¬Å"Those uncomfortable using the ââ¬Å"Fâ⬠word in the EU context should feel free to refer to it as a quasi-federal or federal-like Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-62781667865594491112020-01-31T17:27:00.001-08:002020-01-31T17:27:03.369-08:00American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsAmerican History - Essay Example atural resources to initiate industrial revolution, the entire process did not receive much success mainly due to problems of transportation, in the second half, diversification among laborers, their respective demands, socio-cultural factors of their existence and presence of abundant population, willing to give labor, did not provide sufficient scope to labor movements and evolve of socialism in the American context. Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman while genealogically discussing the history of industrialization in the United States has attempted to reflect upon the reasons that prevented industrial revolution from taking a flourish in the early 19th century: ââ¬Å"The future of the American economy in the years of the revolutionary war and the achievement of independence was â⬠¦ uncertain â⬠¦.There was some reasonable degree of prosperity in most states, and if transportation problems could be overcome â⬠¦ the economy had possibilities for growth and development. The economy of 1800 was â⬠¦ primarily agricultural, dependent upon the British economy for many manufactured goods, and affected negatively by the British Navigation Actâ⬠(Engerman and Gallman 127). This observation becomes important in the context of the discussion because within this scope it discusses the constraints of commencing industrial revolution and the aspiration to initiate the same in an organized way so that dependence on the British can be reduced, consequently leading to strengthening the American economy. However, till 1860, despite certain shifts from the agricultural dependency to industrialization, no radical changes were observed in the total labor force of the nation and by 1960 only one-sixth of the entire U.S labor force opted for industrialization (Engerman and Gallman 127-28). Since 1860 onwards, the situation gradually started undergoing a transformation as it was becoming evident that individualize measured output in the manufacturing and service sector is Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-30290765465651626762020-01-23T13:51:00.001-08:002020-01-23T13:51:03.210-08:00Satiation in John Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost and Margaret Cavendishââ¬â¢s Blazing World :: Paradise lost Blazing WorldSatiation in John Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost and Margaret Cavendishââ¬â¢s Blazing World Hell is huge but it isnââ¬â¢t big enough. Within the text of Paradise Lost by John Milton, it is, A universe of death, which God by curse Created evil, for evil only good,Where all life dies, death lives, and nature breeds,Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things,Abominable, inutterable, and worseâ⬠¦ (II.622-6)There is no satiety in Hell. Eden, by comparison, is a relatively small place in Miltonââ¬â¢s epic poem, but it seems to be an environment replete with satisfaction. Or is it? We students of experiential literature owe Milton a debt of gratitude for helping us to experience our forebearsââ¬â¢, that is Adam and Eveââ¬â¢s, lack of satiation within a paradisiacal environment. This paper will explore the topic of satiety within that environment; and, along the way, discuss the concept of singularity found in Cavendishââ¬â¢s Blazing World for comment upon that satiation. Milton begins at the middle of his epic with an appeal to music, a universal and fulfilling language, ââ¬Å"Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, Sing Heavenly Museâ⬠(I.5-6).He immediately places us after the fall and takes us beyond sentience with an invocation to a muse, only this muse is beyond all muses and this epic is above all epics: I thence Invoke thy aid to my adventââ¬â¢rous song,That with no middle flight intends to soar Above thââ¬â¢ Aonian mount, while it pursues Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. (I.12-16) Milton establishes himself as the legitimate teller of the tale ââ¬â and this tale will take us beyond the mythology of the Greeksââ¬â¢Aonian Mount and inoculate us against Hellââ¬â¢s prodigiousness. He is taking us beyond mythological or explanatory pictures of ourselves, to an area where we may bask in a greater comfort: Taught by the Heavââ¬â¢nly Muse to venture down The dark descent, and up to reascend, Though hard and rare: thee I revisit safe,And feel thy sovran vital lampâ⬠¦ (III.19-22) In her note to the reader in The Description of A New World, Called The Blazing World, it is evident that Margaret Cavendish seeks to take us beyond mere studious thoughts, to a place sated with fancy: And this is the reason, why I added this piece of fancy to my philosophical observations, and joined them as two worlds at the ends of their poles; both for my own sake, to divert my studious thoughts, which I employed in the contemplation thereof, and to delight the reader with variety, which is always pleasing. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-23992041458164337552020-01-15T10:15:00.001-08:002020-01-15T10:15:03.093-08:00Interrelationships with Culture and Visual Entertainmen EssayCulture and visual entertainment media have an interrelationship with each other such as film and television. As the years go by and more and more television shows and movies have been created they have in my opinion become of a reflection of our cultural times. Society is watching the films and television and seeing that they can relate to what they are watching which then they are able to take away a message. People can see visual instead of having to read to learn which can give them a different perspective that they may not have thought of on their own. As people view the visual entertainment they and see what is being influenced from the way people act, dress, talk, and so forth since it is what is shaping our culture. The Brady Bunch is an example of how families were starting to see that families can merge together and become one family, the outfits and hairstyles were being mimicked by people in everyday life. I remember watching this show thinking how ââ¬Å"coolâ⬠is it to have two families merge together. This showed that the social influences of visual entertainment media can be positive. People can still watch visual media that is been out dated but still learn about American culture with such shows. Another example is ââ¬Å"The Breakfast Clubâ⬠this movie is a classic and still very relevant to how our American culture is shaped. In this movie they look at individuals and show that even though we are from all walks of life such as a jock, nerd, snob, shy, and criminal that we all have similarities in the end if we stop and take a moment to see. I Love Lucyâ⬠was a huge influence on visual entertainment people wanted to have the grace, the silliness, and could also see that they lived modestly which made it relate to society. Visual media can be negative as well a positive influence on social behavior. When we view visual entertainment I would say majority want to emulate the celebrities that they are viewing which can be negative or positive depending on that moment. People want to fit in society and with visual entertainment that can shape them in to something different. I remember during the eightyââ¬â¢s all of the shows and movies I watch were all the underdog wins in the end and I felt that this is what I want I want to be the underdog the stand along and befriends with everyone. Guess what I was that person I still am that person as well as I take up for the underdog and befriend everyone as well as treat everyone with respect no matter what. I can thank ââ¬Å"Sixteen Candles, Full House, The Breakfast Club, The Outsiders, and I Love Lucyâ⬠were all visual entertainment that made me who I am as well as a lot of others. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-12064020945846580922020-01-07T06:37:00.001-08:002020-01-07T06:37:03.713-08:00Essay on The Affordable Care Act - 963 Words After the inception of ACA that is Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010 various policies and regulations has been proposed which has more controversy (www.healthcapital.com, 2013). Affordable health act has impact on the stakeholders in different manner. The main concern in the medical field is the input cost which is increasing continuously. This is the biggest challenge for the US government as the increasing cost makes it impossible for the government to allocate appropriate resources in managing the requirements of the ACA public policy. There are more initiatives taken by the US government in implementing the ACA in an appropriate manner by continuously improving the quality of health care at affordable lower costsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¯ ¶ Many US citizens are not protected under medical insurance (NYTimes, 2014). ï ¶ The argument of Obama administration is that this law is considered to be jurisdiction because it does not follow any specific terms. ï ¶ The concern of the offenders is cost, implementation of ACA will require government to spend huge in developing hospitals, arranging for doctors, equipments and so on. ï ¶ Health sectorââ¬â¢s expenditure is always inclined and increasing fast every day. ï ¶ Hospital stay costs very high for the US citizens, when compared to other countries number of days stayed in hospitals are less but costs are mounting up (www.huffingtonpost.com, 2013). This clearly indicates that private hospitals cannot afford to provide high quality medical services at lower cost due to various factors including higher pay demanded by doctors (NYTimes, 2014). In this plausible solution should be such that one party should not win at the expense of others. In this more cooperation, coordination and support for all parties are required to make ACA effective. The plausible solution in this regard is to encourage both the public and private hospitals/health care/ organization to work and participate together with cooperation. This contribution will reduce the government burden that is it will reduce the cost to the government and will not create economic tension. From the supporters side, the health cess charged to all the tax payersShow MoreRelatedAffordable Healthcare Act And Affordable Care Act1409 Words à |à 6 Pageslaw The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as The Affordable Healthcare Act, aka Obamacare. In this paper I am going to explain some of the major parts of the Affordable Healthcare Act and explain where I stand with this law. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was designed to improve the healthcare and health insurance business in the United States of America. Some of the main focuses of Obamacare is to add new gains for health care, more rights, more security,Read MoreObamacare : The Affordable Care Act1507 Words à |à 7 Pageshealth care coverage for all; and that is called The Affordable Care Act ( ACA)1 or also known as Obamacare. This program provides standardized medical expenses/procedures to be made and allows everyone -- who is eligible -- to have coverage. However, I think that we need to take in account how Obamacare is negatively impacting the lower class, middle class, and upper class; therefore, we should remove it. This law became effective on March 23, 2010 (Key Features of The Affordable Care Act). ObamacareRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words à |à 7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. ââ¬Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.â⬠(President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words à |à 4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as ââ¬Å"Obamacareâ⬠) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1710 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a highly controversial act of the United States government commonly referred to as ObamaCare. Designed to ââ¬Å"ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care,â⬠(Patient Protection) this bill has received a large amount of opposition for a variety of reasons, but it is also widely supported, therefore garnering it attention from interest groups. Many in terest groups, including religious organizations, attempt to change laws andRead MoreThe For The Affordable Care Act1528 Words à |à 7 Pagesfix out of control spending on health care entitlements. But neither side could be specific on how they would make health care more affordable. If health care costs continued to climb at the current rate, benefits for Medicare and Medicaid would exceed tax revenue gathered by 2030. Politicians knew they had to find a way to make Medicare solvent or, it would consume all tax dollars collected, but finding a way to rein in costs and make healthcare affordable for all Americans wasnââ¬â¢t going to be anRead MoreAffordable Care Act1414 Words à |à 6 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Yolanda Raqueno HCS/455 April 17, 2013 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The goal of this essay is to discuss the health care system in the United States. Another aim of this essay is to discuss the health policy, to improve, and to reduce inequalities. In the United States the private insurance system is a major provider of health care services, health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. This essay focusesRead MoreThe And Affordable Care Act1566 Words à |à 7 PagesThe most radical reform made in the United States of America in the past 45 years has been the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010 (Key Features of the Affordable Care Act). The purpose of the ACA is to redesign companies within the insurance industry in the United States, mandate everyone in the country to have health insurance, expand public insurances while private insurances subsidize, introduce newer taxes, andRead MoreThe For The Affordable Care Act Essay1319 Words à |à 6 Pages With the Affordable Care Act, many changes were made to the healthcare system, and now we are looking at another change in healthcare policies with the upcoming change in presidency. I hope to become a private practicing physician that has an excellent relationship with my patients so that I can provide appropriate care. As a private practicing physician, an increase in governmental policies that increase healthcare coverage will result in increases and decreases in my individually defined doctor-patientRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act878 Words à |à 4 PagesAs the implementation of The Affordable Care Act (ACA) nears, news media is featuring a large number of individuals whose health insurance coverage is being cancelled. The current administration claims that their objective is for everyone to have health insurance, but there is a gap between their new legislation and the results. American consumers are falling in the gap between private insurance plans that are too expensive, a nd the poorly developed government system. Despite claims from the Obama Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-83446551403032045612019-12-30T03:03:00.001-08:002019-12-30T03:03:05.489-08:00The Rhetorical Analysis Of Mark Antonys Speech - 879 Words Mark Antony gives a public address to Caesars body in front of the conspirators where he speaks badly about the conspiracy, plays dumb and gives the crowd what they want to hear. While Mark Antony eloquently addresses the body of Julius Caesar in front of the conspirators he addresses them in a defensive, angry and questioning tone. For example, ââ¬Å"-I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rankâ⬠(III, i, 166-167). He goes on to chide them ââ¬Å"With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smokeâ⬠(III, i, 171-173). Antony tells them that if the conspirators intend to kill him, they should do it now, as seeing Caesar dead hasâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Mark Antony also has an opportunity to privately grieve and address Caesarââ¬â¢s body. At that time, he is full of emotion; his depression and sorrow are quite evident in his speech. The tone of this private address is a sad feeling. Shakespeare uses this tone to appeal to the crowdââ¬â¢s emotion in the audience. Antony seeks Caesarââ¬â¢s forgiveness for not being harsher with his killers. His speech foreshadows that revenge, chaos, civil unrest and war will come to Rome if Caesarââ¬â¢s death is not avenged. For example, ââ¬Å"Domestic fury and fierce civil strife, Shall cumber all the parts of Italy, Blood and destruction shall be so in use, A nd dreadful objects so familiarâ⬠(III, i, 286-289). Antony prophesies that rabblement will follow Caesarââ¬â¢s death and lead to much destruction. As long as the foul deed of Caesarââ¬â¢s death remains unavenged, he predicts, Caesarââ¬â¢s spirit will continue to seek revenge, bringing chaos to Rome. Antony speaks truthfully and his speech shows what he really thinks of the men who just left and what he intends to do about the murder. Figurative language used in this address is simile. For example, ââ¬Å"Over thy wounds now I do prophesy which like dumb mouths, do open their ruby lipsâ⬠(III, i, 282-283). Caesar is comparing the men to dumb mouths. This is giving off a negative connotation that Antony will kill whoever did this therefore influencing the diction, style and tone of his address. In this, Shakespeare is showing that their mouthsShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar Brutus and Mark Antony Speech Comparison Essay597 Words à |à 3 PagesFebruary 2013 Speech Analysis The speeches given by both Brutus and Mark Antony in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar are very persuasive to the audience that they are given to, but rhetorical devices were used in different ways in order for each to have an effect on the people of Rome. In Brutusââ¬â¢s speech, he uses devices such as rhetorical question and antithesis to convince the Romans that he and the conpirators did a good deed by killing Caesar. In Mark Antonyââ¬â¢s speech, he swaysRead MoreRhetoric and Betrayal in Julius Caeser Play1486 Words à |à 6 Pagescause. Soon after, Mark Antony gives a terrifically-persuasive speech that he claims to be a funeral oration for Caesar, but is truly a cleverly-shrouded undermining to Brutusââ¬â¢s speech. Antonyââ¬â¢s speech is able to not only gain him the crowdââ¬â¢s support, but causes the crowd to completely disregard what Brutus had said only moments earlier. The persuasion and manipulation used by the characters throughou t this piece of literature, shows how rhetorical modes of persuasion, rhetorical devices, and culturalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Antonys Speech 3.2842 Words à |à 4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Antonyââ¬â¢s Speech In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony is given the opportunity to speak at Caesarââ¬â¢s funeral by the conspirators the murdered him. Through his words, Antony seeks to cause dissent and let mischief reign over his audience, the plebeians of Rome. Antony uses rhetorical questioning to provoke the crowd into a fit of rage over Brutusââ¬â¢ words. Antony disguises his true intents in his speech, putting him at a moral high ground over Brutus. He finally uses ambiguous meaningsRead MoreJulius Caesar by William Shakespeare2100 Words à |à 9 PagesIn the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Mark Antony is depicted as a better leader than Brutus, due to his cunning use of rhetoric when addressing the plebeians after Caesarââ¬â¢s death. This essay will be divided into two sections to explore the ways in which Antony is depicted as better leader. The First section will contextualise the extracts used for analysis, and compare Brutusââ¬â¢s pedestrian speech with Mark Antonyââ¬â¢ s impressive oratory. This will be done by defining what rhetoric is, andRead MoreA Multiple Choice Test on Julius Caesar1967 Words à |à 8 PagesJulius Caesar I. Matching/Identify _____ 1. Strato _____ 2. Lucilius _____ 3. Octavius _____ 4. Artemidorus _____ 5. Brutus _____ 6. Caesar _____ 7. Casca _____ 8. Calpurnia _____ 9. Mark Antony _____ 10. Portia _____ 11.Lepidus _____ 12. Decius _____ 13. Pindarus _____ 14. Cassius _____ 15. Soothsayer A. Captured by Antonys soldiers, mistaken for Brutus B. Persuades Caesar to attend Senate meeting C. First to stab Caesar D. convinces Brutus to join conspiracy with false letters E. Holds the sword for Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-1876673923484007502019-12-21T22:49:00.001-08:002019-12-21T22:49:03.347-08:00What Is Organizational Ethics - 847 Words What is Organizational Ethics? According to managementstudyguide.com, organizational ethics is the way an organization should respond to the external environment. Organization ethics includes various guidelines and principles which decide the way individuals should behave at the workplace. It also refers to the code of conduct of the individuals working in a particular organization. Organizational ethics covers a wide range of topics including finance, legal compliance, safety, discrimination, employee exploitation, and honesty. In todayââ¬â¢s society, a negative ethical scandal could saturate the media within a matter of seconds and prove to be detrimental to the future of that company. According to Meinert, the rapid rise of social media also is pressuring organizations to be more transparentââ¬âor risk exposure of unethical practices. What can be done to prevent an Ethical Breach within an Organization? HR professionals should develop and implement policies that specifically address ethical breaches and include consequences for deviating from the policy. Zenger suggests a company can instill mechanisms to protect the anonymity of underlings who report any ethical breaches they see. Most of the ethical breaches that are mentioned in the news involve company executives with a lot of power and authority. Subordinate and front-line employees may fear retaliation if they report any wrong-doing by people they perceive have the influence to fire them. With informationShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Organizational Communications1448 Words à |à 6 Pages The study of Ethics and organizational communications has been an ongoing subject. It has been introduced as a way to be a more effective communicator, especially pertaining to an organization. It is a practical way to improve morale between an employer to his employee as well as a client to an organization. Resolution of ethical behaviors and practices are essential to any organization. The following study of Ethics and organizational communications has been studied and explored by other scholarsRead MoreMoral Ethics And Values Based Dilemmas871 Words à |à 4 PagesMoral ethics and values-based dilemmas are ethical principles that difficult to handle at a workplace when employees have to choose what is wrong and right according to their own ethics. An effective ethics program must complement the values of the organization along with the values in the law. Good ethical behavior for any business is always a fundamental to its success. The main key for business owners and managements is to ensure all employees understand all the ethics. This paper discusses howRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1180 Words à |à 5 Pageshealth of an organization in both positive and negative aspects. In order to be prepared for the ethical issues that will arise and to create an organizational competitive advantage, an intentional focus and effective communication of the cod e of ethics must be incorporated as a part of strategic planning. Sherwin (1983) indicates the that the term ethics, ââ¬Å"refers to a set of moral norms, principles or values that guide peopleââ¬â¢s behaviorâ⬠(cited in Brunk, 2012, p. 552). The importance of ethical awarenessRead MoreHow Personal Ethics Can Get1277 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"How Personal Can Ethics Get?â⬠Discuss how personal differences and preference can impact organizational ethics. Personal difference and preference can impact organizational ethics is such a way where people can end up getting hurt. Personal difference and preference is oneââ¬â¢s own way of how they think or how they feel about someone or something. Organizational ethics is the understanding of values of how an organization can integrate morals and main beliefs that differentiate right fromRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words à |à 6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the ââ¬Å"most widely used means of collecting dataâ⬠(p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and lengthRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1130 Words à |à 5 Pagescompany to be productive and advance in the business environment. Organizational structure determines how roles, power, and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, coordinated and how information flows between the different levels of management. In an organizational workforce environment, there are several levels of management, such as managers, supervisors, team leads and coordinators. Their responsibilities are to know why organizational changes are necessary and they must effectively communicateRead MoreEthical Leader ship : Unethical Behavior1568 Words à |à 7 PagesDifferentiating Perceptions of Supervisor and Top Leader Ethicsâ⬠, use two studies to examine the perceptions of immediate supervisor ethics versus top leader ethics. Both are related to Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), assurance in the top leaderââ¬â¢s course, and climate. ââ¬Å"Do as I Say (and Do): Ethical Leadership Through the Eyes of Lower Ranksâ⬠by Pucic (2015), uses two studies to explore ethical behaviors of leaders at all levels to expand what is currently known about the causes and outcomes ofRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Ethical Values1604 Words à |à 7 Pagesorganization defines how that particular organization manages itself as well as treats its customers if it is a business. An organizational culture is basically developed within an organization and all the staffs or workers of an organization are usually conversant with the culture of the organization they work for. Ethical values are also part of organizational culture. Ethics are very crucial in an organization since they determine how individuals relate with one another within an organization. EthicalRead MoreThe Influence of a Companys Leadership and Culture on Its Business Ethics1541 Words à |à 6 Pagesbusiness ethics Definition of Organizational Culture Organizational culture refers to the values and behaviors essential in the contribution or development of unique social and psychological environment with reference to an organization. This is an indication that organizational culture is inclusive of the expectations, philosophy, values, and experiences that focus on holding an organization together with the aim of enhancing its image and reputation to the outsiders. Organizational culture relatesRead MoreThe Role Of Managers Is Vital1734 Words à |à 7 Pagesfeel is the only responsibility that is required of a manager; however, that is a misperception. Leading necessitates a manager to convey a clear vision and energize and enable organizational members so they can fully understand the part they play in the success of the organization. Effectual leadership produces organizational members working harmonious to achieve goals. A leader is specifically a person, whereas, leadership is a process by which a person influences others to achieve a common goal. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-4742720214223048382019-12-13T19:20:00.001-08:002019-12-13T19:20:04.067-08:00Nervous System and Brain Stem Free Essays Biopsychology: A specialty that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes. Evolution: The gradual process of biological change that occurs in a species as it adapts to its environment new generations change as they adapt to changing environments Evolution has fundamentally shaped psychological processes because it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior Charles Darwin:Wondered if animals were related and if all creations, even humans, could share a common ancestry made the controversial case for the evolution of life Natural selection:The driving force behind evolution, the fittest organisms are selected by the environment, the best adapted will flourish and the least adapted will die out. Darwin never said humans came from monkeys, but that they both had a common ancestor Genetics and inheritance: Genotype: Genetic Makeup Phenotype: Physical and behavioral characteristics (observable characteristics) not all biological, also can be changed by nutrition, disease, stress, and poor medical care causing birth defects Genome: Set of genetic information contained within a cell DNA:A complex molecule that stores biological information Genes: The words that make up the instruction manual (genome) Chromosomes:Tightly coiled structures in which genes are organized, consist of DNA Nucleotides: letters that form genes, there are 4 Sex chromosomes: The X and Y chromosomes that determine physical sex characteristics XX-female XY-male , fathers determine sex Genes influence our psychological characteristics Never attribute psychological characteristics to genetics alone, even identical twins Race and human variations: Certain features of skin color and other physical characteristics are common among people who trace their ancestry to the same part of the world tropical ancestry have darker skin to protect them from the sun, and lighter skin for less sunny places There are no genetic differences for races, race is more of a socially defined term Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Testing fetus at a very oung age to ensure a genetically healthy fetus Some of these clinics also offer gender selection and ââ¬Ësavior siblingsââ¬â¢ How does the body communicate internally? The nervous system reacts first:accelerate your heart rate and tense your muscles for action Endocrine system sends follow-up messages:send hormones which also accelerate heart and tense muscles they work together in stressful and happier situations and even during low arousal states the brain is the chief that manages the cooperation of the nervous and endocrine systems The brain coordinates the bodys 2 communication systems, the nervous and endocrine, which use similar chemical processes to communicate with targets throughout the body Neuron (nerve cell) : cell that receives and transmits information to other cells of the body, bundles are called nerves Sensory neuron (afferent neurons): A cell that carries messages towards the brain from sense receptors Motor neuron (efferent neurons): A cell that carries messages away from the brain to the muscles and glands Interneurons: A cell that relays messages between nerve cells, especially in the brain and spinal cord Dendrites: Branched fibers that extend outward from the cell body and carries information into the neuron Soma: part of the cell containing the nucleus or cell body, houses chromosomes Axon: An extending fiber that conducts information from the soma to the terminal buttons Resting potential: The electrical charge of the axon in its inactive state, when neuron is ready to ââ¬Ëfireââ¬â¢ Action potential: When the neuron ââ¬Ëfiresââ¬â¢ due to a change in electrical charge across the cell membrane of axon All or none principle: action potential in the axon occurs either completely or not at all when many neurons fire too easily the result can be epileptic seizure Synapse:gap that serves as a communications link between neurons or between neurons and muscles or glands they serve Terminal buttons:Tiny bulb like structures at the end of the axon that carry the message into the synapse Synaptic transmission: The relaying of information across the synapse Neurotransmitter: Chemical messenger that relays neural messages across the synapse, many are also hormones Reuptake:The process by which unused neurotransmitters are drawn back into the vesicles of their originating neuron 7 important neurotransmitters: Dopamine:Produces feeling of pleasure or reward, imbalances cause schizophrenia and Parkinson, cocaine, amphatamine, and alcohol affect the action of this transmitter Serotonin:Regulates, sleep, dreams, mood, pain, appetite, sex drive, imbalances cause depression, anxiety, OCD, Prozac and LSD affect the action of this transmitter Norepinnephrine:controls heart rate, sleep, stress, sexual responsiveness, appetite, imbalances cause high blood pressure, depression, Tricyclic, anti depressants, and beta blockers affect the action of this transmitter Acetycholine:involved in learning and memory, imbalances cause muscular disorders, alzheimers, nicotine, black widow spider venom, botulism toxin, barbiturates affect the action of this transmitter GABA:Inhibitory transmitter, inbalances cause anxiety and epilepsy, minor tranquilizers and alcohol affect the action of this transmitter Glutamate:Excitatory transmitter, excess release of glutamate causes brain damage after stroke, PCP affects the action of this transmitter Endorphins:Pleasurable sensations and control of pain, imbalances come from opiate addiction, opiates like morphine, heroin, and methadone effect the action of this transmitter Plasticity: the nervous systems ability to change or adapt as a result of an experience or physical damage plasticity can not compensate for extensive injurys just as paralyzed individuals may implant computer chips in the brain to restore some forms of control Glial cells: A cell that provides structural support for neurons, also provide the myelin sheath of the axon for some neurons nervous system: Network of neurons in the body, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and their subdivisions Central nervous system:brain and spinal cord Reflex:simple unlearned response triggered by stimuli done by spinal cord Contralateral:Each side of the brain communicates with the opposite side of the body Peripheral Nervous system:Connects the central nervous system with the rest of the body (somatic and autonomic) Somatic nervous system: Carries sensory information to the brain and voluntary messages to the muscles Autonomic nervous system: Sends communications between the brain and the internal organs and glands Sympathetic division: ends messages to internal organs and glands that help us respond to stressful or emergency situations Parasympathetic: monitors the routine operations of the internal organs and returns body to calmer functioning after arousal by the sympathetic division The endocrine system: The hormone system, chemical messenger system including pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes in a crisis this system releases epinephrine or adrenalin sustaining the bodies fight or flight reaction Hormones: chemical messengers used by the endocrine system and the nervous system Hormonal functions of major endocrine glands: Anterior Pituitary: ovaries and testes, breast milk production, metabolism, reactions to stress Posterior Pituitary: conservation of water in the body, breast milk secretion, uterus contractions Thyroid: metabolism, physical growth and development Parathyroid: calcium levels in the body Pancreas: glucose (sugar) metabolism Adrenal glands: fight or flight response, metabolism, sexual desire (especially in women) Ovaries: development of female sexual characteristics, production of eggs or ova Testes: development of male sexual characteristics, sperm production, sexual desire in men Pituitary gland: the ââ¬Ëmaster glandââ¬â¢ that oversees all these endocrine responses Agonists: drugs or other chemicals that enhance or mimic the effects of neurotransmitters antagonists: drugs or other chemicals that inhibit the effects of neurotransmitters Neural pathways: bundles of nerve cells that follow generally the same route and employ the same neurotransmitter How does the brain produce behavior and mental processes? Thoughts and feelings originate from the brain (love doesnââ¬â¢t come from the heart) brain is a collection of distinct modules that work together like the components of a computer the brain is composed of many specialized modules that work together to create mind and behavior EEG(Electroencephalograph):A device for recording brain waves, typically by electrodes places on the scalp. We will write a custom essay sample on Nervous System and Brain Stem or any similar topic only for you Order Now The recording is an EEG Can reveal abnormal waves which cause epilepsy not very precise Wilder Pen field mapped the brain with electric probes which showed him that the brainââ¬â¢s surface had distinct areas with distinct functions Brain Scans: help neurosurgeons to locate abnormalities such as tumors or stroke related damage without opening the skull CT(computerized tomography):uses x-rays taken of the brain at different angles and then combined into an image PET(positron emission tomography):Imaging technique that relies on the detection of radioactive sugar consumed by active brain cells MRI(magnetic resonance imaging): Imaging technique that relies on cellââ¬â¢s responses in a high-intensity magnetic field fMRI(functional magnetic resonance imaging):form of MRI that records brain structure and activity PET and fMRI show which parts of the brain are active during a particular task MRI ecvelsat distinguishing the fine details of brain structures non of these can detect processes that occur only briefly (shift in attention, startle response) no scanning technique gives biopsychologists a perfectly clear view of all of the brains activity Three layers of the brain Brain stem: the most primitive of the brains three major layers, includes medulla, pons, and reticular formation medulla:Controls breathing and heart rate Pons:Regulates brain activity during sleep or dreaming Reticular formation:keeps the brain alert and attentive to new stimulation Limbic system:middle layer, involved in emotion and memory, includes thee hippocampus,amygdalaa, hypothalamus, and some pleasure centers Hippocampus:Establishes long term memories amydala:memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression Hypothalamus:Brains blood testing lab, constantly monitors blood to determine condition of the bod Thalamus: brainââ¬â¢s central ââ¬Ërelay stationââ¬â¢, all messages that enter or exit the brain go through the thalamus controls sleep and awake states of consciousness cerebrum cerebellum:the ââ¬Ëlittle brainââ¬â¢ attached to the brain stem, responsible for oordinated movements cerebral hemispheres:large symmetrical halves of the brain located atop the brain stem cerebral cortex:Thin gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres, carries on major portion of higher mental processes like thinking and perceiving corpus callosum: the band of nerve cells connecting and enabling communication between the two cerebral hemispheres The frontal lobes:cortical regions at the front of the brain especially involved in movement and in thinking motor cortex: A narrow vertical strip of cortex in the frontal lobes, controls voluntary motor movement Mirror neuron:A class of neuron that fires in response to ââ¬Ëmirroringââ¬â¢ observation of another personââ¬â¢s actions or emotions The left frontal lobes: production of speech The parietal lobes:Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships Somatosensory cortex: A strip of the parietal lobe involved in sensations of touch The temporal lobes:Cortical lobes that process hearing, including speech, involved in storing long term memories Occipital lobes: The cortical regions that house the visual cortex Visual cortex: The visual processing area of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes Association Cortex: Critical regions throughout the brain that combine information from various other parts of the brain Cerebral Dominance:The tendency of each brain hemisphere to exert control over different functions, such as language or perception of spatial relationships The left side is more active in language and speech the right side is for visual and spatial and interprets others emotional responses and their nonverbal communication signals the right frontal lobes control the negative emotions such as fear and anger the left frontal lobes control the positive emotions such as joy cerebral dominance patterns are not always the same from one person to another men on average have slightly larger brains, thought to be part of body size and not much other importance CH 3 Sensation: The process by which stimulation of a sensory receptor produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, sight, taste, touch, or smell Perception: A mental process that elaborates and assigns meaning to the incoming sensory patterns The brain senses the world indirectly because the sense organs convert stimulation into the language of the nervous system (neural messages) 3 attributes common to all senses: transduction-process that converts information carried by the stimulus , such as light or sound waves, into the form of neural messages sensory adaption-loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after stimulation has remained unchanged for a while thresholds bsolute threshold-minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a sensory experience (how soft can music be and still be heard) if it is above your thresholds, you sense it varies from person to person and varies in an individual depending on mental alertness and physical condition difference thresho ld (JND)-minimum amount by which a stimulus can be changed and the difference be detected half the time large when the stimulus intensity is high and small when low Webers law: The size of the JND is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus We are built to detect changes in stimulation and relationships among stimuli Signal detection theory: Theory that states that sensation depends on the characteristics of the stimulus, the background stimulation, and the detector. Sensory Adaptation: Loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after stimulation has remained unchanged for a while (adjusting to the temperature of a cold pool) The sense all operate in much the same way, but each extracts different information and sends it to its own specialized processing region in the brain Vision: Retina:The thin light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball. The retina contains millions of photoreceptor and other nerve cells the retina is where the transduction of light into neural signals occurs Photoreceptors: Light sensitive cells (neurons) in the retina that concert light energy to neural impulses, these receptors are as far as light gets into the visual system. Rods: Photoreceptors in the retina sensitive to dark lighting but not to color Cones: photoreceptor in the retina sensitive to colors but not dim light Fovea-tiny area of sharpest vision in the retina ipolar cells-collect impulses from photoreceptors and send them to the ganglion cells optic nerve-the bundle of neurons that caries visual information from the retina to the brain blind spot- the point where the optic nerve exits the eye and there are no photoreceptors, anything in this area cannot be seen visual cortex creates visual images from the information received from the eyes in this cortex, brain turns neural impulses into visual sensations of color, form, boundary, and movement brightness- A sensation caused by intensity(amplitude) of light waves color-(hue) not a property of things in the external world , a psychological sensation created in the brain from information from the eyes from the wavelength of visual light Electromagnetic spectrum-the entire range of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves, x rays, microwaves, and visible light visible spectrum-the tiny part of electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive, may be different from our own trichromatic theory-the idea that colors are sensed by three different types of cones sensitive to light in the red blue and green wavelengths, this theory explains color processing in the cones of the retina opponent-process theory-the idea that cells in the visual system process colors in complementary pairs, such as red or green , yellow or blue, this theory explains color sensation from the bipolar cells onward in the visual system afterimages-sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed, most are negative after images, which appear in reversed colors color blindness-genetic disorder that prevents an individual from discriminating certain colors, most common form is red green color blindness Hearing: Frequency-highness or lowness of sound, pitch amplitude-the physical strength of a wave. Height of the wave , when turning down vol, your turning down amplitude, loudness timbre-complex quality of a sound wave, helps you distinguish different voices how we hear: sound waves are relayed to the inner ear, vibrating waves make their way through the ear canal to the ear drum or tympanic membrane, vibrates middle ear, sends to cochlea cochlea-main organ of hearing focuses he vibrations on the basilar membrane basilar membrane converts vibrations into neural messages neural messages travel to the auditory cortex in the brain Hearing loss-from damage of the hair cells in the cochlea Vision-stimulus is light waves, receptor is rods and cones Hearing-stimulus is sound waves, receptor is hair cells in basilar membrane Skin senses-stimulus is external contact, receptor is nerve endings in skin Smell-stimulus is volatile substances, receptor is hair cells in olfactory epithelium Taste-stimulus is soluble substances, receptor is taste buds on tongue Pain- stimulus is extreme stimuli, receptors are pain receptors Kinesthatic and vestibular senses-stimulus is body position, movement and balance, receptors are hair cells in semicircular canals and neurons connected to muscles joints and tendons Vestibular senses-the sense of body orientation with respect to gravity, associated with inner ear and in fact is carried to the brain on a Branch of the auditory nerve Kinesthetic sense-the sense of body position and movement of body parts relative to each other Smell: olfaction-sense of smell pheromones-chemical signals released by organisms to communicate with other members of their species. Often used by animals as sexual attractants, unclear if humans use them Taste: Gustation-the sense of taste Skin senses: sensory system for processing touch, warmth, cold, texture, and pain synesthesia-the mixing of sensations across sensory modalities, as in tasting shapes or seeing colors associated with numbers Phantom limbs-sensations experienced by people who have lost a limb coming from the missing body part Gate control theory-an explanation for pain control that proposes we have a neural ââ¬Ëgateââ¬â¢ that can, under some circumstances, block incoming pain signals if you experience pain you can take drugs like aspirin or you can get morphine which suppresses the pain messages in the spinal cord placebo-appears to be a drug, but is not (sugar pill) placebo effect-a response to a placebo caused by the belief that it is a real drug Perception gives meaning to sensation, so perception produces an interpretation of the world, not a perfect representation of it Percept: The meaning product of perception, often an image that has been associated with concepts, memories of events, emotions, and motives What pathway-A neural pathway, projecting from the primary visual cortex to the temporal lobe, which involves identifying objects where pathway-A neural pathway the projects visual information to the parietal lobe, responsible for locating objects in space blindsight-being conscious of information in the what pathway but not necessarily in the where pathway feature detectors-cells in the cortex that specialize in extracting certain features of a stimulus binding problem: how the brain combines the results from many senses into a single percept top-down process: memories and past experiences in our brain tell perception bottom up process: the sensed characteristics in the stimuli exert strong influence on our perceptions perceptual constancy-the ability to recognize the same object as remaining ââ¬Ëconstantââ¬â¢ under different conditions, such as distance or location inattentional blindness-a failure to notice changes occurring in ones visual field, caused by narrowing the focus of ones attention change blindness-failure to notice that a visual scene has changed from the way it had appeared previously, requires comparing a scene to one from the past illusion-incorrect perception of a stimulus pattern especially one that fools others ambiguous figures-images that can be interpreted in more than one way. No right way to see an ambiguous figure Gestalt psychology: believed that much of perception is shaped by innate factors built into the brain figure- a part of a pattern that stands out against the ground ground-part of a pattern that does not command attention-background closure-gestalt principle that identifies the tendency to fill in gaps in figures and to see incomplete figures as complete Laws of perceptual grouping-the gestalt principles of similarity, proximity, continuity, and common fate. Suggest how our brains prefer to group stimulus elements together to form a percept Law of similarity-gestalt principle, we tend to group similar objects together in out perceptions Law of proximity-gestalt principle, we tend to group objects together when they are near each other Law of continuity-gestalt principle, we prefer perceptions of connected and continuous figures to disconnected and disjointed ones Law of common fate-gestalt principle, we tend to group similar objects together that share a common motion of destination Law of Pragnanz- Gestalt principle, the simplest organization, requiring the least cognitive effect, will emerge as a figure, full figures such as a closed circle Learning based inference- the view that perception is primarily shaped by learning rather by innate factors perceptual set-readiness to detect a particular stimulus in a given context someone afraid interprets an unfamiliar sound as a threat, set of words, word missing binocular cues-information taken in by both eyes that aids in depth perception, including binocular convergence and retinal disparity Monocular cues-information about depth that relies on the input of just one eye and includes relative size, light and shadow, relative motion and atmospheric pressure CH 8 Cognitive Neuroscience-An interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and other specialists who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain Nonconscious process-Any brain process that does not involve conscious processing, including both preconscious memories and unconscious processes can perform many jobs at the same time (walk, chew gum, breath) Consciousness-The process by which the brain creates mental model of our experience, most common consciousness occurs during wakefulness, although there can be altered states Attention- a process by which consciousness focuses on a single item of ââ¬Ëchunkââ¬â¢ in working memory Tools for studying consciousness- fMRI, EEG, PET Freudââ¬â¢s levels of consciousness: Preconscious- A special unconscious storehouse for information no currently in conscious but readily available to the conscious (like your phone number) The unconscious-A part of the mind that processes below the level or awareness, emotional memories, desires, and feelings that would be threatening if brought back to consciousness James stream of consciousness-walking consciousness is like a flowing stream carrying ever changing sensations, perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, and desires, this stream includes awareness of ourselves and of stimulation from our environment, can also include physical sensations from within like hunger or pain James said consciousness has 2 levels :an area of focus for what we are focusing our attention on, and a peripheral conscious to encompass the feelings that give meaning to our focus The computer metaphor-likens consciousness to the information and images that appear on a computer screen nonconscious is the electronic activity behind the sc ene, which most of the time operates in parallel with consciousness Three important functions of the consciousness: Consciousness restricts our attention-(restriction) because it processes information serially, it limits what you notice and think about,keeps your brain from being overwhelmed by stimulation cannot read while listening to music consciousness provides a mental ââ¬Ëmeeting placeââ¬â¢-(combination) meeting place where sensation can combine with memory, emotions, motives, and a host of other psychological processes (perception) consciousness allows us to create a mental model of the world-(manipulation) a model we can manipulate in our minds, we donââ¬â¢t just operate in the moment, we make a model that draws on memory and brings the past and the future into awareness. Coma-An unconscious state, during which a person lacks the normal cycles of sleep and wakefulness, usually only lasts a few days (between vegetative and minimally conscious states) Consciousness fluctuates in cycles that correspond to our biological rhythms and to patterns of stimulation in our environmental Daydreaming-A common (and quite normal) variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation daydreaming is automatic when we are in a restful state or not focused on something Circadian Rhythms-A pattern that repeats every 24 hours such as sleep and wakefulness cycle, jet lag Main Events of sleep: REM sleep-stage that occurs approximately every 90 minutes, marked by bursts of rapid eye movement occurring under closed eye lids each REM period gets longer and longer Non-REM-the recurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper state of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rapid eye movements Sleep paralysis- A condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of the voluntary muscles except the eyes (normally occurs during REM) Stages of sleep: Stage 1:Slower theta waves, faster beta waves Stage 2:Short burst of fast electrical activity that reliably signal the end of stage 1 Stage 3 4:heart rate and breathing slow down , beta brain waves slow, delta waves appear DEEPEST sleep in stage 4 as stage 4 ends sleeper climbs back up the stages backwards REM sleep: fast beta waves, rapid eye movement, after REM sleeper slips back into stage 2 REM rebound- A condition of increased REM sleep caused by REM sleep deprivation Sleep debt-A sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep required for optimal functioning Isrealites interpreted dreams as messages from the gods Egyptians tried to influence dreams by sleeping in temples dedicated to the god of dreaming Chinese are scared to dream because they think the soul wanders outside the body Freudââ¬â¢s theory of dreams: manifest content-the story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation latent content- the symbolic meaning or objects and events in a dream Activation synthesis theory- the theory th at dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from the brain stem. The storyline of dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of this random activity Insomnia- involving insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings Sleep Apnea- A respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently stops breathing many times while asleep Night terrors-deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, what made the person scared is usually forgotten on awakening, usually found in children narcolepsy-a disorder of REM sleep, involving sleep-onset periods in sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks An altered state of consciousness occurs when some aspect of normal consciousness is modified by mental, behavioral, or chemical means Hypnosis-A state of awareness characterized by deep relaxation, heightened suggestibility, and focused attention Hypnotizability- susceptibility measured by a persons responsiveness to standardized suggestions hypnosis an be used for dental and medical uses, psychological treatment Meditation-A state of consciousness often induces by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions, and minimizing external stimulation Psychoactive drug-chemical that affects mental processes and behavior by its effect on the brain Hallucinogen-a drug that creates hallucinations or alters perception of the external environment and inner awareness Opiates-Highly addictive drug, derived from opium, that can produce a profound sense of sell being and has strong pain relieving properties Depressant-drug that slows down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmission of nerve impulses in the brain (alcohol, barbiturates) Stimulants-speed up brain and mental and physical responses (cocain, amphetamine, nicotine, caffeine) General Anesthetic-substance that suppresses consciousness and awareness of pain, some produce sedation and immobility Tolerance-the reduces effectiveness a drug has after repeated use psychical dependence-the body adjusts to and comes to need and drug for every day functioning addiction- a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects and many attempts to stop withdrawal-A pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by the user when the level of drug is decreased or the drug is eliminated psychological dependency-a desire to obtain or use a drug, even though there is no physical dependence How to cite Nervous System and Brain Stem, Essay examples Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-9220661666204318562019-12-05T15:40:00.001-08:002019-12-05T15:40:03.871-08:00Globalization Essay Example For Students Globalization Essay Outline1 Globalization Essay 11.1 A short history about the appearance of globalization2 Globalization Essay 22.1 The concept of globalization, itââ¬â¢s pros and cons3 Globalization Essay 33.1 What are the sources of globalization?4 Globalization Essay 44.1 Examples of globalization Globalization Essay 1 A short history about the appearance of globalization In modern science, globalization is considered as an advanced stage of development of the process of internationalization of various aspects of social life: political, economic, and cultural. At this stage, internationalization gradually covers the entire world community, reaching planetary proportions. Globalization is a very interesting process, which has many consequences, favorable for both, the economy of a particular country and the economy of the whole world, that is bad and good at the same time. Globalization was the next stage after capitalism, when the world economy began to unite, when countries began to work and develop together, supporting each other or helping each other in certain situations. Nowadays, the trade goes all over the world, different countries enter into cooperation agreements and work together on certain projects. Globalization has led not only to the fact that the economy has become general, but it has also led to other consequences. For example, the world has become more open now, people have become more tolerant of each other. When people began to conduct business more openly, when resources began to move freely around the arena of the world economy, not only natural resources, but also workers become more open. A person starts to look at the world more widely because he/she understood there are many countries with different economies and rules. As far as you can see, globalization is a multifaceted process, covering all spheres of our society. Globalization Essay 2 The concept of globalization, itââ¬â¢s pros and cons The scientific and technological revolution has become an impetus for globalization. The powerful impact of the world information system in developing countries has contributed to the nationalization of production and capital. The current information and communication prompts made it possible to distribute full information to an almost unlimited number of consumers. Internet played a crucial role in this process. Some people think this is a new process. In fact, globalization existed in the Middle Ages, when people decided to exchange goods with merchants from distant countries. Since 1980, it has begun to move at a faster pace, and different types of globalization appeared. Today, globalization is at its peak. The most positive impact of globalization is that people can buy and sell everything they want from all corners of our planet. The Internet has made it easier. People enjoy a variety of choices and prices. Globalization also provides an opportunity to learn more about the culture in developing countries. Countries are working to get the best benefits, instead of creating poor quality products. For example, Belgium is good in agriculture and chocolate production, but there is no production of cars. Thus, it can buy cars in Germany or France. Another benefit of globalization is the growth of international companies. They can open branches in different countries and create additional jobs for the local population, including college students. But one of the negative effects that globalization has caused is environmental pollution. Construction of new harmful plants causes significant environmental problems. Another argumentative drawback is the fact that globalization is gradually destroying cultural identity. This is especially noticeable when Europeans try to impose their traditions and customs on Asian nations. And last but not least: domestic producers are also trained in developing countries. Itââ¬â¢s difficult for them to sell their products when people buy everything in the international market. .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .postImageUrl , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:hover , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:visited , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:active { border:0!important; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:active , .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7425bda73bea7122b0685033443d1bdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: medical malpractice Argumentative EssayTo sum everything up, the main advantages of globalization are: It has given rise to international competition. Globalization provoked the economy of production scale, which contributed to the avoidance of jumps in the economy and lower prices. International trade is beneficial to all subjects of market relations; the establishment of trade unions only accelerates the process of globalization. The introduction of modern technology contributes to increased productivity. Developing countries can catch up with advanced states, globalization gives them the opportunity to improve their economic situation and firmly establish themselves on the world stage. But it has the following disadvantages: The benefits of globalization canââ¬â¢t be distributed throughout the whole world. The industrialization of the economyââ¬âmanufacturing branches are losing ground, while the flourishing sphere of services is emerging. People have to re-qualify to find their place in this global, changing system. Competition generates a big gap between qualified and unskilled employees. Globalization has a significant impact on the ecosystem of the world. Consequently, globalization is a very serious process affecting the world economy and the life of all countries in the world. Globalization Essay 3 What are the sources of globalization? Have you ever heard about globalization? Sound a little scary, right? Donââ¬â¢t panic as this short but persuasive writing in English will explain you its meaning in the simple words, and weââ¬â¢re going to start with itsââ¬â¢ definition. Globalization is the process, during which the world turns into a united system. At the end of the last century, globalization became an urgent topic for reflection. Discussions about it havenââ¬â¢t stopped yet, and on the contrary, have intensified. Globalization implies integration in the economic, cultural, political and religious spheres. However, the most notable is the globalization of the economy. The unification of space into one zone and the unrestricted movement of information resources, capital, labor, goods, and services, free expression of thought, development, strengthening and interaction of social institutions are the concepts of global economic globalization. But what are the sources of it? There are some of them: Scientific and technological progress, in particular, the development of the Internet, through which the distance between the states is wasted. Today we have the opportunity to learn news from anywhere in the world, to watch snapshots and videos from satellites in real time. Due to the types of globalization, distance education is available at educational institutions in any country. World trade, which has become freer due to liberal measures. Combining cultural traditions. The mass media become homogeneous, globalized. It has become very popular to talk in English, as the language of trade communication. In conclusion, the globalization brings together the whole world with all its advantages and disadvantages. The main motor of globalization on the world market is competition. It literally affects all spheres of production, leaving only the most competitive companies on the world stage. The main disadvantage of globalization is that countries that are beyond the reach of poverty will suffer the most and turn into absolutely backward. Globalization Essay 4 Examples of globalization Globalization involves the formation of a single international legal, economic, as well as cultural and informational space. It has positive and negative effects on the wordââ¬â¢s formation. Thus, examples of globalization go beyond the standard economic framework, since it ultimately affects the most diverse spheres of social activity, including culture, politics, and ideology. First of all, examples of globalization are formed due to objective factors of world development, and this is due to the deepening of the MRI (international division of labor), as well as significant scientific and technological progress in the field of communications and transport, which provides a reduction of economic distance between all countries. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-27469941010692639012019-11-28T16:30:00.001-08:002019-11-28T16:30:03.849-08:00Survival Factors of Salva Dut Essay ExampleSurvival Factors of Salva Dut Paper Leadership and luck are two very important survival factors that play a pivotal role in Salvas life. In the book, A Long Walk To Water by Linda Sue Park, Salva, an 11-year-old refugee, used many survival tactics to withstand the difficult journey of walking barefoot across the harsh terrain of Southern Sudan. Walking from refugee camp to refugee camp, leadership and luck is what ultimately made his journey possible. Salva managed to survive his journey and multiple obstacles with his leadership skills and streak of good fortune. One of the survival tactics that was established was leadership. Salva, was forced to flee from his homeland due to religious persecution. The newly appointed leaders of his tribe were forcefully adapting a strict islamic regime. Salva was then forced into a refugee camp, a camp that pushed him along with many other children out. After being forced to leave, Salva is faced with the difficult obstacle of having to cross the infamous Gilo River. Few people were known to have successfully crossed it. Some of the challenges were due to the corrupt militia that guarded the river, there was also a strong current in the water, and crocodiles. When Salva realized he had finally made it across the river, he began to look for others that were lucky enough to make it too. Once he found all the other Lost Boys had made it across, he began to walk with them. Since he was one of the oldest of the group, he had to play the role as leader of the group, and made every attempt to guide them all to sa fety. Although Salva was the oldest of the group, he could still be considered a child in the eyes of many. This act of leadership reflected Salvaââ¬â¢s true identity as kind and selfless. In the novel, it states, He organized the group, giving everyone a job (PG 81).This horrible experience helped him become a better leader because it forced him to be one in the most dire situations. This role gave him the strength and vision t We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-41177071587745560262019-11-25T00:05:00.001-08:002019-11-25T00:05:03.399-08:00Colonial Period essaysColonial Period essays The Colonial Period lasted from 1600 all the way to 1750. The most important historical event that took place in this period of time were the arrival of the Pilgrims on the east coast of North America and the meeting of the Indians which created the celebration that is now known as Thanksgiving. Puritans lived in Colonial America and followed the following rules: Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the saints. Their religion was Christianity, but there was a little bit controversy between Catholics and Protestants. The four authors that were important for this time period are Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, William Bradford, Jonathon Edwards, and Anne Bradstreet. Cabeza de Vaca wrote journals, Bradford wrote journals as well, Edwards wrote sermons, and Bradstreet wrote poems. Anne Bradstreet was a puritan born in England in 1612 and died in 1672. She was married to a brilliant scholar named Simon Bradstreet when she was just sixteen. They moved with Annes parents to New England to start a new life in the colonies. Anne wrote poems whenever she could. She was the first American poet, she is remarkable not only because of that, but because she wrote when writing was considered a not proper occupation for a woman. Bradstreet wrote of her powerful love for her husband, her aguish of her parents and other family members deaths, and her strive to accept Gods will for the losses that she suffered. One of her compositions, To My Dear and Loving Husband, was all about her love for her husband and how she prizes her love more than mines of gold or all the riches in the east. That piece of writing of hers accentuates her love for her husband and how she always wants to be with him, on earth and in Heaven. Jonathon Edwards was born in 1703 and died in 1758. Edwards was the son and grandson of Puritan ministers. H ... Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-30548948464572680272019-11-21T08:32:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:32:08.509-08:00Childrens Individual learning activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsChildrens Individual learning activity - Essay Example The assumed subject of this paper is 4 year old Jane, who is a preschooler. Her parents will arrange playing equipment of pretend kitchen so that she may play chef with her parents and siblings. The basic intent of the parents behind this play is to teach her table and serving manners. They may also teach her counting as the customers (parents and siblings) come and leave. She will count how many customers come, and will note every number on a note book that is set aside: ââ¬Å"1, 2, 3â⬠¦, Total today=â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ This will make her learn some very simple addition too. The pretend kitchen will contain a toy stove and toy cooking utensils which Jane will love to play with. The stove will be made out of a big box overturned with knobs and burners marked on it by a marker. Healthful toy food will also be available with the main purpose of teaching Jane good eating habits. She will play with her toy food with great excitement and fun. Apparatus will be available in the kitchen to wash and sterilize the toy food as she will put the food in her mouth. Moreover, table and chair sets will be there for the kids to use. There will be maps, colorful carpets, tiny sofas, bright pictures, funny toys like baby dolls, and a baby calendar hanging on the wall. Kids will use all these as their pretend play. Jane will be encouraged to set the tables and chairs, play chef, take orders as her siblings and parents will come in as customers, and serve them lunch using toy food. There will also be some toy cleaning equipment like toy brooms and mops, so as to develop the sense of cleanliness in the preschooler. The parents will constantly be supervising Jane with active participation in her play activities. This is a kind of scenario or learning activity that I have designed for parents to use in their home with their preschoolers. There are multiple benefits of this with regard to interactive language and developmentally appropriate Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-28757302260090350252019-11-20T11:54:00.001-08:002019-11-20T11:54:04.435-08:00Who will profit from the Lisbon Treaty in the field of JHA (Justice Essay - 1Who will profit from the Lisbon Treaty in the field of JHA (Justice and Home Affairs) - Essay Example The parts of the treaties significant to the Treaty of Lisbon will be studies in order to illustrate the importance of change within the European Union. The Lisbon Treaty ratified in 2009 takes into account the changes in society which were non-existent 10 years ago. The Maastricht Treaty has a legal frame work which no longer requires the same liaisons among nations of the EU in the field of Justice and Home Affairs. The European Union was more internally structured and served as a consulting organization. The Treaty of Lisbon changes the structure to work outwards. The documents, which will be used as reference are the Council of European Communities (1953), the European Union of (1992) and the Treaty of Lisbon (2009). The benefits of the Treaty of Lisbon will be propagated through the whole treaty. The infrastructure of the EU will be modified: the voting system will be changed and the pillar system will be changed. Specifically affecting Justice and Home Affairs will be the creation of several new working structures. The Council of European Communities was ratified in 1953. The European court was established. The European Council which was not yet under the tutelage of the EEC (EU) established the treaty of Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This convention which is still being used today was made an official charter of the European Union with the Treaty of Lisbon. Ireland which has the right of vote in any changes in the EU administration confirmed that they still have the right to decide the Fundamental Freedoms of their population such as the right of abortion and homosexuality. National Constitutions take precedent over the EU. This point will be elaborated when national identity versus European identity is discussed as a Home Affair. In 1953, the European Community was established for economic purposes in the coal and steel industry and the atomic energy community among 6 Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-42445391356919777202019-11-18T06:08:00.001-08:002019-11-18T06:08:03.592-08:00The Most Important Signer of the US Constitution EssayThe Most Important Signer of the US Constitution - Essay Example Important Signers of the Constitution A lot of people signed the Constitution from Delaware. They include Thomas McKean who was born in 1734, Caesar Rodney who was born in 1728 and George Read who was born in 1733. George Read is regarded as one of the most important signers of the Constitution. His largest accomplishment was not necessary that he signed both the Constitution and Declaration of independence but that he signed the U.S Constitution twice. George Washington presided over the convention while James Madison, also present, wrote the document that formed the model of the Constitution. The 55 convention delegatesââ¬â¢ shaped an enduring document that has withstood the test of time (Boardman, 104). The term framer is sometimes used to specify people who helped craft the Constitution. The Founding Fathers made a significant impact in the fight for independence. Many of the founding fathers were at the Constitution Convention where the Constitution was hammered out and ratif ied. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7023531222922575157.post-86608193265795345462019-11-15T18:39:00.001-08:002019-11-15T18:39:07.820-08:00SWOT Analysis of EtisalatSWOT Analysis of Etisalat Etisalat is the leading operators of telecommunications in Middle East Africa. Its headquarters are located in U.A.E. Etisalat is one of the largest and renowned telecom company in the world. It carries its operations in 18 countries across Asia, Middle East and Africa with customers more than 100 million. Etisalat is a widespread telecom provider offering a one-stop shop for mobile and fixed-line data services to individuals, enterprises, international telecom companies and so on. It provides a variety of high-tech complimentary services to the telecommunications industry, mainly: Managerial and technical training. SIM card manufacturing. Payment solutions. Clearing house services. Peering. Voice data transit. Submarine land cable services. Etisalat has the status for introducing the accurate service to the right audience at the right market and the exact time. This has been seen and proved as it has debuted again and again, starting with the launch of mobile, GSM, Internet, mobile broadband services to Middle East, Asia and Africa. It is the main focus in the Middle East for internet, voice, mobile broadband, broadcast, roaming and other services with an wide global network. INTRODUCTION Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, also known as Etisalat, is the telecommunications carrier and internet service provider in the United Arab Emirates. Etisalat provides all type of telecom services in addition to cable TV service. Etisalat is currently moving to a 3G network. PG-1 At the end of September 2005, the numbers of lines in service are 1,222,905 forà telephone, 4,305,821 for mobile and 4,698, 17 for internet. Mobile penetration now exceeds 95 per cent. In May 2005, the UAE Telecommunications Regulatory Authority approved the formation of a new telecoms company, which will effectively end Etisalat monopoly, creating a du. The new $1.1 billion telecoms provider will be 40% owned by the UAEs General Pensions and Social Security Authority and other state interests, with the remaining shares earmarked for private sector shareholders including an initial public offering, which may or may not be open to foreigners. The new telecommunication company (Du) is starting to gain a wide fame with variety of services such as (mobile TV, video calls, video mail, mobile broadband and different billing options) Etisalat is on an expansion spree. After making its presence felt in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and West Africa, Etisalat is prepared to pay up to $3 billion to bid for state-run Algeria Telecom. The Abu Dhabi-based firm (Etisalat) has been expanding aggressively abroad as it has lost a virtual monopoly in the UAE to Dubai-based Du, which aims to gain 30% of the UAE market share. PG-2 VISION To create a world where peoples reach is not limited by matter or distance. People can with ease communicate with anyone around the globe also reconnecting with family or friends. Innovative ideas and advance technologies will open fresh opportunties globally. MISSION To extend peoples reach. Etisalat actively develops advanced networks that enable people to learn, develop and grow. VALUES PG-3 FUTURE A world in which technology extends our reach. Etisalat targets to advance to new technologies, services and markets so that it can open new opportunities for its customers. Swot Analysis STRENGTHS: Etisalat is reducing broadband tariff prices to encourage greater take-up Rollout of further undersea fiber optic cables should enable for greater International data service access, and at reduced prices UAE has one of the lowest mobile tariffs in the region Weaknesses Continues to follow, an aggressive marketing strategy which enabled it to capture a 30% market share in less than two years of operation. The knowledge transfer to the baby company ETIHAD Etisalat (SAUDIA). Development of a new fiber optic network to reduce the cost of services and enhance data revenues stream. Low network coverage compared to its competitor Du. Higher calling charges. OPPORTUNITIES: Strong economic fundamentals sustained by the countrys high GDP per capita due to rising oil prices. A favourable demographic profile as 69% of the population is under the age of 30, indicating a strong population growth. Mobile number portability (MNP) enables mobile subscribers to keep their mobile telephone numbers when changing from one mobile network operator to another. The implementation of the MNP service will allow unsatisfied subscribers using a competitors network, to transfer to Etisalats network easily. Therefore, if Etisalat manages to provide better services than its competitors, Etisalat will be able to increase its market share easily. Threats: Emerging of new telecom company with more affordable n competitive strategy. Du expanding the services and being a competitor for Etisalat. OBJECTIVES One of their objectives at Etisalat is to help fulfill the potential of the nation and its people. To be a catalyst driving growth, developing a world-class economy and a hub for trade, tourism and entrepreneurship Etisalat is determined to offer continuous support to people with special needs by helping them to communicate with family, friends, social centers, government organizations, universities, and many other organizations. Etisalat is committed to launching creative initiatives to enable the development of the local communities. Etisalat is contributing 1% of annual revenues to support innovation and entrepreneurship through the ICT Fund. They are committed to be key contributor to CSR activities and we always seek to create strategic partnerships with different social organizations to help them develop. They will maintain our role in social activities, which makes from the company an example for other organizations to emulate. Also, to improve lives through technological expertise and the use of resources for the development of a fully connected community. STAKEHOLDERS EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS INVESTORS Investors would be likely to know about the business because they have invested their funds in Etisalat and they have to know whether the business or firm is running in a profit/loss. CUSTOMERS These are potential customers who would like to obtain a good value for their money. GOVERNMENT The government would want to receive taxes from Etisalat if its running profitably as well as to control business operations. INTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS EMPLOYEES/STAFF They would be interested to know about Etisalat to ensure their job security and to get their basic salary. SHAREHOLDERS Shareholders want to be rewarded for their stake in the business. Shareholders would want to receive dividends from after-tax profits. DIRECTORS The directors of Etisalat would want to direct the strategy and also to direct major decision making. Samsungs directors would want to increase their own power and status from business growth. THE MARKETING MIX Marketing Mix allows you to merge all the marketing strategies in order to sell your product. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT A brilliant product or service will have its marketing on its own as it will advantage the buyer. A product can be recognized by its stylish packing and design. Etisalat launches those products and services which the community wants by doing market research to produce exactly what buyers want. PLACE The place is where you await for your buyers. After knowing the place you just have to find the appropriate distribution channel. Etisalat operates telecommunications in Middle East Africa. PRICE Etisalat uses market skimming as its pricing strategy which means that it keeps a high price for its differentiated products and services and as time goes by it graudually reduces with competition. PROMOTION It has a large promotional unit that spends billions on the advertising of current and newly developed products or services. The media used is bill boards, radio and television adverts which are a form of persuasive adverts. FOOTPRINTS OF ETISALAT IN 18 COUNTRIES-MARKET SHARE EVENTS AND SPONSORSHIPS Etisalat participates in and sponsors events and activities to make and improve lives of other firms. Etisalat supports not just industry-related events but encourage learning in all sectors and support community development in the UAE and abroad. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS THURAYA EXCELCOMINDO (XL) INDONESIA CANAR SUDAN ETISALAT NIGERIA (EMTS) PTCL PAKISTAN ETISALAT MISR EGYPT ZANTEL TANZANIA ETISALAT AFGHANISTAN (ESSPL) ETISALAT SOFTWARE SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED TECHNOLOGIA ATLANTIQUE TELECOM (AT) MILICOM SRILANKA TIGO ETIHAD ETISALAT MOBILY SAUDIARABIA ETISALAT DB INDIA PVT LTD ETISALAT SERVICES HOLDING Etisalat Services Holding ESH is part of the Etisalat group of companies. It was constituted in 2007 following the strategy of separating the services and varied support services from the core telephony business of Etisalat in order to optimize the potential of the individual businesses. CARRIER AND WHOLESALE Etisalats Carrier Wholesale Services Division (CWS) is dedicated to delivering a comprehensive portfolio of high quality wholesale services, extending the reach of mobile operators, carriers and ISPs globally.Ãâà Etisalats Carrier Wholesale Services Division provides the following services: E-VOICE E-MOBILE EMIX IP TRANSIT SERVICES E-CAPACITY E-CONNECT E-BROADCAST Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0